Abstract:

Malaria is a major infectious disease affecting tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in low-income countries. Manokwari Regency reports the highest number of malaria cases in West Papua Province, with 7,325 cases and a malaria parasite incidence rate of 20.81 per 1,000 population, far from the national elimination target by 2028. This study analyzed the ecological and socio-demographic variations of malaria cases in Manokwari Regency from 2019 to 2023 using a quantitative study with an ecological design. The study was conducted from September to October 2024, analyzing nine districts. Secondary data were collected from various agencies covering the period of 2019-2023. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and spatial analyses. No significant association was found between population density (p=0.380; r=0.067), poverty (p=0.380; r=-0.333), geographical characteristics (p=0.380; r=-0.100), and rainfall (p=0.112; r=0.482) with malaria incidence. A negative correlation was observed between average temperature and malaria incidence (p=0.027; r=-0.648), while humidity showed a positive correlation (p=0.022; r=0.649). Spatial analysis revealed inconsistent patterns; densely populated or low-poverty areas often recorded high malaria cases, with coastal and lowland areas tending to have higher malaria incidence compared to highlands. Malaria distribution in Manokwari shows varied and complex patterns. Temperature and humidity were significantly associated with malaria incidence, whereas population density, poverty, geographical characteristics, and rainfall showed no consistent relationship. These findings highlight the complexity of malaria dynamics, suggesting the need for further detailed analysis.

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