Systemic Biochemical Disruptions from Chronic Generator Exhaust Exposure: Oxidative, Hematologic, and Heavy Metal Biomarkers in Urban Nineveh, Iraq
Abstract:
In urban regions with chronic power instability—such
as Mosul, Iraq—diesel generators are essential yet environmentally hazardous.
Prolonged exposure to generator exhaust introduces a spectrum of toxicants,
including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and heavy metals, raising
significant concerns for long-term systemic health effects. This research aimed
to explore changes in body systems and blood composition resulting from
long-term exposure to diesel generator fumes among community members. The study
used a cross-sectional comparative design with 260 participants, divided into
exposed (150) and control (110). The analysis included blood gases; oxidative
stress indicators like MDA and GSH; inflammatory markers such as CRP and CA; hematological parameters like HgB,
and PCVs; and serum levels of trace metals including Zink, Zn, Cadmium, Nickel. The significance is at
p≤0.05. Exposed Individuals showed decreases in oxygen (lower Pa02 and Sa02,
and higher COHa levels), an increase in red blood cell production and
hemoglobin, and a significant increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH. Also, C
protein (CRP) levels increased significantly at p < 0·001). Trace metal
analysis following exposure showed a buildup of lead (Pb) alongside cadmium
(Cd), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni), with a simultaneous decrease in zinc
content, further weakening the body's antioxidant defenses. The results show
that long-term exposure to generator fumes leads to health issues, including
breathing problems, imbalances in the body's oxidation processes, and the
accumulation of harmful metals in the system.
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