The Prevalence and Pattern of Adverse Drug Reaction in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Case Review Study
Abstract:
In Nigeria, Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are at higher risk of developing adverse drug
reactions (ADRs). Objective: To assess the prevalence and pattern of ADR in
HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy. A Case review of 170 patients
initiated on ARVs between July 2010 and July 2014 was carried out in eight
health facilities in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Regimens prescribed include
zidovudine /lamivudine, tenofovir/lamivudine, abacavir/lamivudine in
combination with either nevirapine, efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir. Patient
adverse drug reactions and offending drugs were noted and categorized using
descriptive statistics. The prevalence of adverse drug reactions is 0.9%.
Out of 170 documented cases of reported adverse drug reactions, 11.8% were male
and 88.2% were female. The most reported ADR is anaemia (37.2%) associated with
zidovudine (42.9%). ADR is most prevalent between the ages of 30 – 39, with
reported cases of (46.4%). 91.8% of all patients with reported ADR recovered
fully, 1.2% recovered with disability, 3.5% experienced life-threatening
conditions, and 3.5% died. 22.4% of the patients are admitted. Adverse drug
reaction occurred most (61.4%) among patients weighing between 41 and 61 kg. The
0.9% prevalence of adverse drug reactions among the study population is
markedly lower than what has been reported in the USA, India, South Africa,
Ethiopia, and Cameroon, but higher than the expected national target of
100/100000 (0.01 prevalence).
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