Factors Influencing Health and Environmental Conditions in Hwiida, A Community Near Landfill Site in Gomoa West, Central Region, Ghana
Abstract:
Municipal solid waste management remains a
significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly
in rapidly urbanizing areas like Ghana’s Central Region. This study examines
the health and environmental impacts of the Hwiida Landfill Site on nearby
communities in Gomoa West District. Using a cross-sectional correlational
design, data were collected from 100 systematically selected residents within a
1-kilometre radius of the landfill via a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and
binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results show that 81% of
respondents reported health problems potentially linked to landfill exposure,
including respiratory issues, skin conditions, and diarrhoea, and 73% indicated
that at least one household member was affected in the past year. Environmental
concerns were widespread: 72% cited air pollution (notably odour) and 48%
reported pest and rodent infestations. Most participants (92%) lived within 300
metres of the site and lacked access to improved sanitation or formal waste
collection. Inadequate landfill management especially the absence of leachate
containment and minimal waste segregation was identified as a key contributor
to pollution. These findings highlight the urgent need for engineered landfill
upgrades, community health education, and targeted policy interventions.
Context-specific evidence such as this can inform sustainable waste management
strategies and reduce the health burden on vulnerable populations near
landfills.
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