Trends and Predictors of Pre-Eclampsia between 1990 and 2020 in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Abstract:
Pre-eclampsia is a specific form of hypertension in
pregnancy that raises significant public health concerns globally. Mothers may
sometimes appear healthy, yet later develop pre-eclampsia, leading to adverse
consequences, including death. This situation has underscored the necessity for
ongoing research to improve maternal birth outcomes and prevent disabilities
and fatalities. This systematic review assessed trends and predictors of
pre-eclampsia in Ghana over the last three decades. This review covered publications
from January 1990 to December 2020, using three bibliographic databases. The
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
statement was used to screen and select the papers included in the review. The
tool for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
(STROBE) was used to enhance the quality of the evaluated papers. The majority
(13 out of 21) of studies on the prevalence and predictors of pre-eclampsia
were conducted between 2011 and 2020. The review found an average incidence
rate of 9.1% for pre-eclampsia and identified approximately twenty-six
predictors among pregnant women. These predictors included demographic and
maternal factors, dietary and environmental influences, as well as maternal and
perinatal care services. There is an
increasing trend of pre-eclampsia among women in Ghana. Although the predictors
of pre-eclampsia are relatively similar to those in other parts of the world,
healthcare providers should ensure timely screening, treatment, and management
to reduce adverse outcomes, including maternal mortality during pregnancy.
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