Abstract:

Thalassemia is a hemolytic anemia resulting from an inherited autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is characterized by reduced hemoglobin synthesis due to defective production of either the alpha or beta globin chains. In our case report, we have discussed 3 case reports with exact similarity. All 3 cases were 5-year-old sex presented to the outpatient pediatric department at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital with complaints of cough, cold, dyspnea, irritability, and fatigue. On examination, the patient exhibited scleral pallor and a whitish tinge over the fingernails and extremities. There was evidence of a decayed upper tooth, though it was not associated with pain or swelling. Head and neck examination revealed maxillary prominence, a retracted upper lip, and a saddle nose, collectively giving the classical appearance of "chipmunk facies." The patient’s hemoglobin level was critically low at 3.5 g/dL. Hematological investigations showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with anisopoikilocytosis and nucleated red blood cells (RBCs). Peripheral smear findings were consistent with hemolytic anemia, strongly suggesting thalassemia with concurrent hemolytic crisis.

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