The Role of a Father in Access to Maternal and Child Health Services in Ethiopia: A Neglected Key to Survival
Abstract:
Children's survival and health critically depend on
supportive adults, particularly their parents. Sub-Saharan Africa and Central
and Southern Asia bear the highest burden of maternal, stillbirth, and neonatal
deaths. Ethiopia ranks 5th globally among countries accounting for
60% of these deaths. The major underlying causes are harmful gender norms,
biases and inequalities. This study identifies factors affecting male
involvement in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) care in Ethiopia and proposes
strategies to enhance father's contributions to maternal and child
survival. Methodologically, an extensive literature review and critical
analysis of existing studies, health policies, and reports related to MCH, and
father’s role was conducted. Despite Ethiopia's health system improvements
that incorporate life-cycle services, significant inequalities persist by
economic status, education, residence, and gender. Political commitment to
reducing stillbirths remains insufficient. Key barriers to male involvement
include health facility factors (inaccessibility, unwelcoming environments,
disrespectful care), sociodemographic characteristics (age, education,
occupation), low income, and deep-rooted cultural norms relegating MCH to
women's domain. In conclusion, the crucial role of father’s in MCH care is
widely acknowledged yet underexplored in the policy. Ethiopian men's hesitancy
to engage in MCH significantly impacts survival outcomes. Implementing policies
promoting male involvement – such as father-friendly clinics, targeted
education campaigns, and couple-based antenatal care – can strengthen health
systems and improve family well-being.
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