Abstract:

Quasi experimental research was conducted among 60 pre – eclampsia mothers and were assigned equally in both interventional and placebo group. Self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and clinical data. The pre test level of blood pressure and the proteinuria level was assessed followed by that, the study participants were administered with Lavender aroma therapy in the interventional group and a routine hospital care was initiated in the placebo group for 3 days. Blood pressure level was monitored in three sessions per day for 3 days before and after the intervention in both interventional and placebo groups. Followed by that the proteinuria level was reassessed only on Day -3 sin both groups. The results revealed that the pretest and post test mean score of systolic BP in the interventional group was 146.73±1.40 and 135.83±3.01. The mean difference score was 10.89 with ‘t’ test value of t = 20.091 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. The pretest and post-test mean score of diastolic BP in the interventional group was 76.81±3.09 and 73.16±2.82. The mean difference score was 3.65 with ‘t’ test value of t = 4.625 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. The pretest and post-test mean score of proteinuria in the interventional group was 2.90±0.66 and 2.33±0.84. The mean difference score was 0.57 with ‘t’ test value of t = 2.664 was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. This clearly infers that administering aromatherapy was found to be effective in lowering blood pressure among mothers with pre- eclampsia.

References:

[1] Sharma, A., Rani, R., Nebhinani, M., & Singh, P. 2020, Knowledge and Practices Regarding Management of Minor Ailments of Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers: A Descriptive Study from Rajasthan, International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 7(10), 4010-16.

[2] Allotey, J., Stallings, E., Bonet, M., Yap, M., Chatterjee, S., Kew, T., & Thangaratinam, S., 2020, Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors, and Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Pregnancy: Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, BMJ, 370.

[3] Kintiraki, E., Papakatsika, S., Kotronis, G., Goulis, D. G., & Kotsis, V., 2015, Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Hormones, 14(2), 211-223.

[4] Yang, C. C., Tang, P. L., Liu, P. Y., Huang, W. C., Chen, Y. Y., Wang, H. P., . & Lin, L. T., 2018, Maternal Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Increases Subsequent Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan, Medicine, 97(31).

[5] Mehta, B., Kumar, V., Chawla, S., Sachdeva, S., & Mahopatra, D., 2015, Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Community-Based Study. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 40(4), 273.

[6] MacKay, A. P., Berg, C. J., & Atrash, H. K., 2001, Pregnancy-Related Mortality from Preeclampsia and Eclampsia, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 97(4), 533-538.

[7] Hadi, A., El Haddad Cynthia, B. H., & Jessie, D., 2020, Renal Angiomyolipoma During Pregnancy: A Case Report.

[8] Hirpara, S., Ghevariya, R., Ghadia, P., Hada, T., & Pandit, N., 2017, Study of Risk Factors for Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (A Hospital Based Case Control Study). Natl J of Integr Res Med [Internet], 49-52.

[9] Shrestha, D. B., Budhathoki, P., Malbul, K., Katwal, S., Jha, S. K., Prajapati, R., & Baral, G., 2021, Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Pregnancyinduced Hypertension in Nepal: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies, Journal of Nepal Health Research Council,19(2), 221-229.

[10] Bairwa, R., Mandve, S., & Sharma, S. 2020, Study of Socio-Demographic Factors in Cases of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Associated Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9(5), 1842-1847.

[11] Granger, J. P., Alexander, B. T., Bennett, W. A., & Khalil, R. A. 2001, Pathophysiology of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. American journal of hypertension, 14(S3), 178S-185S.

[12] Swarbrick, M. M., & Havel, P. J., 2008, Physiological, Pharmacological, and Nutritional Regulation of Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations in Humans. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders,6(2), 87-102

[13] Burton, G. J., Redman, C. W., Roberts, J. M., & Moffett, A., 2019, Pre-Eclampsia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. BMJ, 366.

[14] Ameghi, A., Baradaran, B., Aghaiypour, K., Barzegar, A., Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi, Y., Moghadampour, M., & Zarghami, N., 2015, Generation of New M2e-Ha2 Fusion Chimeric Peptide to Development of a Recombinant Fusion Protein Vaccine. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 5(Suppl 1), 673.

[15] Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F., 2015, Essential Oils Used in Aromatherapy: A Systemic Review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.

[16] Sebastian, L. A., & Kear, T., 2022, The Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Perceived Stress among Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Pilot Study, Holistic Nursing Practice.

[17] Gultom, A. B., Ginting, S., & Silalahi, E. L., 2016, The Influence of Lavender Aroma Therapy on Decreasing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 5(4), 470.

[18] Burton, G. J., Redman, C. W., & RobertsJames, M., 2019, Moffett Ashley, Pre-eclampsia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. BMJ, (366), 12381.

[19] Maisi, S., Suryono, S., Widyawati, M. N., Suwondo, A., & Kusworowulan, S., 2017, Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy and Classical Music Therapy in Lowering Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension, Belitung Nursing Journal, 3(6), 750-756.

[20] Hwang, J. H., 2006, The Effects of the Inhalation Method Using Essential Oils on Blood Pressure and Stress Responses of Clients with Essential Hypertension, Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 36(7), 1123-1134.

[21] Baradero, M., Dayrit, M. W., & Siswadi, Y., 2008, Prinsip Dan Praktik Keperawatan Perioperatif. Jakarta: EGC

[22] Jaelani, 2017, Aroma Terapi, Jakarta: Pustaka Populer Obor.

Abstract:

We introduced systematic training in chest compression-only CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) use to elementary school students. The questionnaire compared student attitudes towards CPR and their knowledge about it before and after CPR training. To assess the effectiveness of the demonstration method and simulation method among school students. To compare the level of knowledge of demonstration method versus simulation method teaching among school students. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among school students aged between 14 and 15 years. A self-structured questionnaire’ was administered to 60 school students were used as data collection tool. Participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The demographic variable father’s occupation (χ²=9.714, p=0.046) had shown a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on CPR among school students in the demonstration group at p<0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on CPR among school students in the demonstration group. The overall results showed that simulation-based learning (SBL) is a positive, safe and effective method for nursing students in clinical and simulation room settings to improve the skills and practice of client care.

References:

Abstract:

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent ailment that is referred to as "the silent killer." Hypertension is responsible for at least 45% of heart disease deaths and 51% of stroke deaths. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of Allium sativum (Garlic) intake on biochemical parameters among Type-I hypertensive clients. A Quantitative approach with a true experimental pretest and post-test control group was adopted for the present study. 60 clients diagnosed with Type-I hypertension were recruited using the purposive sampling technique and were assigned to experimental and control groups. A self-structured questionnaire method was adopted to collect the demographic information. Followed by that, monitored blood pressure levels with the help of a manual sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, serum cholesterol before and after the intake of Allium sativum (Garlic) syrup. Following that, the treatment group received 100 gms of fresh garlic syrup three times daily, while the control group received a placebo along with the routine treatment. The results revealed that there was a significant difference identified in pre and post-test levels of blood pressure was calculated using a paired” test which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.005) concerning reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hence, the findings of the present study concluded that oral supplementation of Allium sativum (Garlic) was found to be effective in reducing blood pressure and serum cholesterol among Type - hypertensive clients.

References:

[1].   Ried, K, 2020, Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects, Improves Arterial Stiffness and Gut Microbiota: A Review and Meta-Analysis, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19(2), 1472-1478.

[2].         Sobenin, I. A., Myasoedova, V. A., Iltchuk, M. I., Zhang, D. W., & Orekhov, A. N., 2019, Therapeutic Effects of Garlic in Cardiovascular Atherosclerotic Disease, Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 17(10), 721-728.

[3].   Matsutomo, T., 2020, Potential Benefits of Garlic and Other Dietary Supplements for the Management of Hypertension, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19(2), 1479-1484.

[4].   Zadhoush, R., Alavi‐Naeini, A., Feizi, A., Naghshineh, E., & Ghazvini, M. R., 2021, The Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Supplementation on the Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Phytotherapy Research, 35(11), 6335-6342.

[5].   Susmadi, S., Sunita, A., & Mulyo, G. P. E., 2022, The Effect of Deep Breath Relaxation and Roasted Garlic Consumption on the Blood Pressure decrease in the Pressure of Elderly Hypertension, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(G), 80-85.

[6].   Chen, C. Y., Tsai, T. Y., & Chen, B. H., 2021, Effects of Black Garlic Extract and Nanoemulsion on the Deoxy Corticosterone Acetate-Salt Induced Hypertension and its Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rats, Antioxidants, 10(10), 1611.

[7].               Ibraheem, L. J., 2023, Saeed, NAHAA Advantages of Garlic in Treating Hypertension: A Review Article, Eurasian Med. Res. Period, 19, 28-37.

[8].   Ronny Linoby, A., Nazrin Jumar, A., Ahmad Nordin, S., & Mud Puad, S. M., 2021, May, Moderately Boiled Garlic Consumption Reduced Blood Pressure of Prehypertensive Adults in 5 Days, In Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics, pp. 116-121.

[9].   Chen, C. Y., Tsai, T. Y., & Chen, B. H., 2021, Effects of Black Garlic Extract and Nanoemulsion on the Deoxy Corticosterone Acetate-Salt Induced Hypertension and Its Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rats, Antioxidants, 10(10), 1611.

[10].  Soleimani, D., Parisa Moosavian, S., Zolfaghari, H., & Paknahad, Z., 2021, Effect of Garlic Powder Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Hs‐C‐Reactive Protein among Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial, Food Science & Nutrition, 9(7), 3556-3562.

[11].  Ali, A., Kouvari, M., Riaz, S., Naumovski, N., Liao, L., Khan, A., & Manzoor, M. F., 2023, Potential of Allium Sativum in Blood Pressure Control Involves Signaling Pathways: A Narrative Review, Food Frontiers, 4(4), 1666-1680.

[12].  Serrano, J. C., Castro-Boqué, E., García-Carrasco, A., Morán-Valero, M. I., González-Hedström, D., Bermúdez-López, M., . & Portero-Otín, M., 2023, Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial, Nutrients, 15(17), 3691.

[13].  Sangouni, A. A., Azar, M. R. M. H., & Alizadeh, M., 2020, Effect of Garlic Powder Supplementation on Hepatic Steatosis, Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial, British Journal of Nutrition, 124(4), 450-456.

[14].          Chan, W. J. J., McLachlan, A. J., Luca, E. J., & Harnett, J. E., 2020, Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) in the Management of Hypertension and Dyslipidemia–A Systematic Review, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 19, 100292.

Abstract:

The Non-Stress Test (NST) is considered an effective method for evaluating fetal well-being during the prenatal period by using an electric monitor that continuously records the fetal heart Rate (FHR). The main aim of the study is to determine assess the different maternal positions on Maternal and Foetal Health Status during Non-Stress Test among Antenatal Mothers. A descriptive cross-sectional research design with a total of 60 antenatal mothers who fulfil and meet the inclusion criteria were selected as samples by using a convenient sampling technique. The socio-demographic and obstetrical data information was collected by a self-administered questionnaire using a structured questionnaire. The level of discomfort was assessed with the Maternal Comfort Rating Scale. The demographic and obstetric data were analyzed by frequency and percentage. Mean and standard deviation were used to assess the maternal and foetal parameters. The probability of p<0.05 or less was taken as statistical. Out of 60 samples, 34 (56.7%) of mothers aged between 21 - 30 years, 28(46.7%), had a gestational age between 36 - 37 weeks, 21(35.0%) had abdominal girth between 90 - 99 cm, 49(81.7%). The mean score of the foetal movements in left lateral and supine positions were 4.14 - 4.23. Comparatively, in semi sitting position the mean score was 2.78. Compared with the other two positions in the left lateral position the mean acceleration score was 2.78. This study concluded that Semi-fowler's position demonstrated favourable maternal blood pressure during the non-stress test in the third trimester of pregnancy.

References:

[1] Siby R., Vinsi, M. S., Mathew, R., 2022, Effect of Different Maternal Positions on Comfort of Antenatal Mothers and Fetal Parameters During Non-Stress Test, Indian J Public Health, Jul-Sep; 66(3):341-343. Doi: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1904_21. PMID: 36149118.

[2] Essa, R. M., & Hafaz, S. K., 2018, Effect of Different Positions of Pregnant Women on their Comfort and Fetal Cardiotocographic Patterns During Non-Stress Test,International Journal For Research In Health Sciences And Nursing,4(2), 01–24, https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v4i2.257

[3] Haws, R., Yakoob, M., Soomro, T., Menezes, E., 2009, Reducing Stillbirths: Screening and Monitoring During Pregnancy and Labor, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 7(9), 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-9-S1-S5

[4] Bailit, J. L., Garrett, J. M., Miller, W. C., McMahon, M. J., Cefalo, R. C., 2002, Hospital Primary Cesarean Delivery Rates and the Risk of Poor Neonatal Outcomes, Am J Obstetric Gynecol, 187(3):721–7. Doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.125886. [PubMed: 12237654].

[5] Dublin, S., Lydon-Rochelle, M., Kaplan, R. C., Watts, D. H., Critchlow, C. W., 2000, Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes After Induction of Labor Without an Identified Indication, Am J Obstetric Gynecol, 183(4):986–94. doi: 10.1067/mob.2000.106748. [PubMed: 11035351].

[6] Sarnat, H. B., Sarnat, M. S., 1976, Neonatal Encephalopathy Following Fetal Distress: A clinical and Electroencephalographic Study. Arch Neurol. 33(10):696–705. Doi: 10.1001/archneur.1976.00500100030012. [PubMed: 987769].

[7] Leslie, K., Arulkumaran, S., 2011, Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance, Obstetric Gynecology Reprod Med, 21(3):59–67. Doi: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2011.01.001.

[8] Milsom, I., Ladfors, L., Thiringer, K., Niklasson, A., Odeback, A., Thornberg, E., 2002, Influence of Maternal, Obstetric and Fetal Risk Factors on the Prevalence of Birth Asphyxia at Term in a Swedish Urban Population, Acta ObstetricGynecology Scand, 81(10):909–17. Doi: 10.1034/j.1600- 0412.2002.811003.x. [PubMed: 12366480].

[9] Walton, J. R., Peaceman, A. M., 2012, Identification, Assessment and Management of Fetal Compromise, Clin Perinatol.; 39(4):753–68.Doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.09.001. [PubMed: 23164176].

[10] Korcek, P., Stranak, Z., 2015, Fetal Distress and Circulatory Disturbance in Monochromic Twins: Possible Risk Factors for Sialadenitis? Into J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngology, 79(12):2476–8. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.10.052. [PubMed: 26590003].

[11] Adanikin, A. I., Awoleke, J. O., 2017, Clinical Suspicion, Management and Outcome of Intrapartum Fetal Distress in a Public Hospital with Limited Advanced Fetal Surveillance, Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med, 30(4):424–9 Doi:10.1080/14767058.2016.1174991. [PubMed: 27050656]

[12] .Aslam, H. M., Saleem, S., Afzal, R., Iqbal, U., Saleem, S. M., Shaikh, M. W., 2014, "Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia", Ital J Pediatric, 40:94. Doi: 10.1186/s13052-014-0094-2. [PubMed: 25526846]. [PubMed Central: PMC4300075].

[13] Baskett, T. F., 1988, Gestational Age and Fetal Biophysical Assessment, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 158 (2):332–4. Doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90149-4.

[14] Andreotti, F., Behar, J., Zaunseder, S., Oster, J., Clifford, G. D., 2016, An Open-Source Framework for Stress- Testing Non-Invasive Fetal Ecg Extraction Algorithms, Physiology Meas, 37(5):627–48. Doi: 10.1088/0967- 3334/37/5/627, [PubMed: 27067286].

[15] Gibb, D., Arulkumaran, S., 2017, Fetal Monitoring in Practice, London: Churchill Livingstone, 4th ed. Page no. 120-125 https://amzn.in/d/0dim3KqA

[16] Wasson, C., Kelly, A., Ninan, D., 2019, Tran, Q., Intrapartum Fetal Assessment. Absolute Obstetric Anesthesia Review, Cham: Springer, p. 145–6. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-96980-0_47.

[17] Doctor, B.A., O’Riordan, M. A., Kirchner, H. L., Shah, D., Hack M., 2001, Perinatal Correlates and Neonatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age Infants Born at Term Gestation, Am J Obstetric Gynecol, 185 (3):652–9. Doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.116749. [PubMed: 11568794]

[18] Gabbe, S. G., Niebyl, J. R., Simpson, J. L., 2007, Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies, 5th ed, Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, pg.1391

[19] Patel, R., Smitha, M.V., Jena, S. K., Jacob, J., John, J., 2022, Do Different Positions During a Non-Stress Test Affect the Maternofetal Physiological Parameters and Comfort in Pregnant Women? J Educ Health Promot., Nov 26(11), 386-90 Doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_641_22. PMID: 36618471; PMCID: PMC9818695.

[20] Subramanian, V., Venkat, J., Dhanapal, M., 2016, Which is Superior, Doppler Velocimetry or Non-Stress Test or Both in Predicting the Perinatal Outcome of High-Risk Pregnancies, J Obstetric Gynaecol India. 66 (1):149–56. Doi: 10.1007/s13224-015-0829 [PubMed: 27651594]. [PubMed Central: PMC5016437].

[21] Samuel, Rachel Ms; Karkada, Sushmitha Ms; Fermamdes, Sweety Ms; and Bhat, Parvathi Dr 2015, Materno Foetal Physiological Parameters in Sitting and Left Lateral Position During Non - Stress Test (NST) Monitoring in Pregnancy: A Cross Over Study, Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, Vol. 1 (2), 83-86. https://impressions.manipal.edu/mjnhs/vol1/iss2/4

[22] EL Sayed, H., Mohamady, S., 2016, Effects of Different Maternal Positions During Non-Stress Test on Maternofetal Physiological Parameters,Tanta Sci Nurs J, 10:116-31.

[23] Cito, G., Luisi, S., Mezzesimi, A., Cavicchioli, C., Calonaci, G., Petraglia, F., 2005, Maternal Position During Non-Stress Test and Fetal Heart Rate Patterns, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 84:335-8

[24] Kabootari, M., Mobasheri, E., Qorbani, M., Asayesh, H., 2012, Non-Stress Test Diagnostic Values for Predicting Fetal Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies, Iran J Obstetrics Gynecological Infertility, 15(7):17–23. Persian. Doi: 10.22038/ijogi.2012.5716.

Abstract:

The population in the world is currently growing at a rate of over 1% per year. Contraceptive use is an effective primary prevention strategy for reducing maternal mortality. It has been estimated that the use of effective contraception could avert 90% of abortion-related and more than 20% of postponing the birth of a first child or spacing births. Contraceptive use is one of the major factors in stabilizing population growth. The study aims to assess the level of knowledge and skill in the usage of contraceptive pills to postpone pregnancy among eligible couples. The quantitative research approach descriptive research design total of 60 women who were residing at Kilachery village participated in this study and they were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The demographic data and knowledge and skills regarding contraceptive usage to postpone pregnancy assessment were collected by using the self-questionnaire checklist. The outcome result showed that in the pretest 8(13.3%) of women had adequate knowledge, 22(36.6%) of women had moderately adequate knowledge and 30(50%) women had inadequate knowledge whereas in post test 39(65%) of women had adequate knowledge, 15(21%) of women had moderately adequate knowledge and 6(10%) women had inadequate knowledge.

References:

[1].   Yadav, S. A., 2019, Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Family Planning Method Among Eligible Couple in Selected Area of Greater Noida. International Journal of Research and Review, 6(6), 280-86.

[2].   Afriyie, P., & Tarkang, E. E., 2019, Factors Influencing Use of Modern Contraception Among Married Women in Ho West District, Ghana: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pan African Medical Journal, 33(1).

[3].   Anjum, S., Durgawale, P. M., & Shinde, M., 2014, Epidemiological Correlates of Use of Contraceptives Methods and Appraisal of Health Education on Status of Knowledge and Practices Among Married Woman. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3(2), 203-210.

[4].   Ajong, A. B., Njotang, P. N., Kenfack, B., Yakum, M. N., & Mbu, E. R., 2016, Knowledge of Women in Family Planning and Future Desire to Use Contraception: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Urban Cameroon. BMC Research Notes, 9, 1-6.

[5].   Tsui, A. O., McDonald-Mosley, R., & Burke, A. E., 2010, Family Planning and the Burden of Unintended Pregnancies. Epidemiologic Reviews, 32(1), 152-174.

[6].   Birch Petersen, K., Hvidman, H. W., Sylvest, R., Pinborg, A., Larsen, E. C., Macklon, K. T., & Schmidt, L., 2015, Family Intentions and Personal Considerations on Postponing Childbearing in Childless Cohabiting and Single Women Aged 35–43 Seeking Fertility Assessment and Counselling. Human Reproduction, 30(11), 2563-2574.

[7].   Hogmark, S., Klingberg-Allvin, M., Gemzell-Danielsson, K., Ohlsson, H., & Essén, B., 2013, Medical Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions towards Contraceptive use and Counselling: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Maharashtra, India. BMJ Open, 3(12).

[8].   Indrani, G. H., 2018, A Study to Assess Knowledge and Attitude of Temporary Family Planning Methods Among Postnatal Mothers Admitted in Inpatient Ward at Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Government Hospital for Women and Children at Chennai (Doctoral Dissertation, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, Chennai).

[9].   Afriyie, P., & Tarkang, E. E., 2019, Factors Influencing Use of Modern Contraception Among Married Women In Ho West District, Ghana: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pan African Medical Journal, 33(1).

[10].  Barrow, A., 2020, A Survey on Prevalence and Knowledge of Family Planning among Women of Childbearing Age in the Provincial Settings of the Gambia: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Study. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 2020 (1).

[11].  World Health Organization. (2023). Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2020: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division. World Health Organization.

[12].  Kumar, G., Choudhary, T. S., Srivastava, A., Upadhyay, R. P., Taneja, S., Bahl, R., & Mazumder, S., 2019, Utilisation, Equity and Determinants of Full Antenatal Care in India: Analysis from the National Family Health Survey 4. Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19, 1-9.

[13].  Saluja, N., Sharma, S., Choudhary, S., Gaur, D., & Pandey, S., 2011, Contraceptive Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Eligible Couples of Rural Haryana. Internet J Health, 12(1), 25-9.

[14].  Sey-Sawo, J., Adeyemo, F. O., & Okojie, O. H., 2023, Effects of Postpartum Family Planning Counselling On Contraceptives Knowledge, Attitude and Intention Among Women Attending a General Hospital in the Gambia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Access Journal of Contraception, 61-72.

[15].  Roy, N., Adhikary, P., Kabra, R. et al., Postpartum Contraceptive Practices Among Urban and Peri-Urban Women in North India: A Mixed-Methods Cohort Study Protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21, 820 (2021).

[16].  Pandey, S., Karki, S., & Pradhan, A., 2009, Practice of Contraceptives, Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal, 31(3), 3-9.

[17].  Kei, R. M., Ndwiga, T., & Okong’o, S., 2015, The Use of Modern Contraceptives among Women of Child Bearing Age Attending MCH/FP Clinic at Uasin Gishu Sub-county Hospital, Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya.

[18].  Shukla, M., Fonseca, M., & Deshmukh, P., 2017, A Study on Contraceptive Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Women in the Reproductive Age Group. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol, 6(8), 3560-3.

[19].  Abdelaziz, W., Nofal, Z., & Al-Neyazy, S., 2023, Factors Affecting Contraceptive use among Currently Married Women in Iraq in 2018. Journal of Biosocial Science, 55(3), 449-462.

[20].  Gupta, V., Mohapatra, D., & Kumar, V., 2016, Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among the Currently Married Women (aged 15–45 years) in an Urban Area of Rohtak District, Haryana. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 5(4), 627-32.

[21].  Prachi, R., Das, G. S., Ankur, B., Shipra, J., & Binita, K., 2008, A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning Among the Women of Reproductive Age Group in Sikkim. Religion, 35(44years), 34.

[22].  Shukla, M., Fonseca, M., & Deshmukh, P., 2017, A Study on Contraceptive Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Women in the Reproductive Age Group. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol, 6(8), 3560-3.

Abstract:

True experimental pretest-posttest control group research design was conducted in the antenatal clinic of the host institution among 60 postpartum caesarean mothers. All 60 samples were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group by using the lottery method, 30 in the interventional group and 30 in the placebo group. For the interventional group, On Day 1, demographic and clinical data were collected from the study participants, followed by that, they were instructed to consume 10 palm dates per day for about 28 days. For the placebo group- On Day 1 routine hospital care was initiated for about 28 days. On Day- 29, study participants were re-assessed for the volume of breast milk secretion using an electronic breast pump, breast milk secretion checklist and newborn feeding adequacy checklist in both interventional and placebo groups. The study results concluded that the pretest and posttest mean scores of breast milk secretion in the interventional group were 6.26±1.63 and 68.36±23.24. The mean difference score was 23.21. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 14.650 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. The pretest and posttest mean scores of newborn feeding adequacy in the interventional group were 2.23±0.67 and 7.73±1.70. The mean difference score was 5.50. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 17.544 was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. There was a significant effect of consuming palm dates that enhanced the volume of breast milk secretion, during postpartum caesarean section.

References:

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[2].  Madeley, A. M, 2021, Birth After Previous Caesarean Section, British Journal of Midwifery, 29 (11), 615-619.

[3].  Shailaja, M. J, Matrhews, Shubhada Ponkshe, Ujwala Jadhav, Ashwini Sutar, Rau Sangave, Pratiksha Grime, 2020, A Descriptive Exploratory Study to Assess the Prevalence and Indications of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 8,144-150.

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[6].  Asadi, M., Noroozi, M, Alavi, M., 2021, Exploring the Experiences Related to Postpartum Changes: Perspectives of Mothers and Healthcare Providers in Iran, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1-8.

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[9].  Li, L., Wan, W., & Zhu, C., 2021, Breastfeeding After a Cesarean Section: A Literature Review. Midwifery, 103, 103117.

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[11]. Rouw, E., von Gartzen, A., Weißenborn, A., 2018, The Importance of Breastfeeding for the Infant, Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 61, 945-951.

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[18]. Modepeng, T., Pavadhgul, P., Bumrungpert, A., Kitipichai, W., 2021, The Effects of Date Fruit Consumption on Breast Milk Quantity and Nutritional Status of Infants, Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(11), 909-914.

[19]. D’Addezio, L., Mistura, L., Sette, S., Turrini, A., 2015, Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Characteristics of Yogurt Consumers in Italy: Results from the INRAN-SCAI 2005-06 Survey, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 8(2), 119-129.

[20].  Furman, L., Schanler, R. J., 2018, Breastfeeding. in Avery's Diseases of the Newborn, 991-1008.

[21].  Al-Shwyeh, H. A., 2019, Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruit as Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents, Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 11(1), 1-11.

[22].  Ayad, A. A., Williams, L. L., Gad El-Rab, D. A., Ayivi, R., Colleran, H. L., Aljaloud, S., & Ibrahim, S. A., 2020, A Review of the Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Health Benefits of Dates for their Potential Use in Energy Nutrition Bars for Athletes, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1), 1809309.

[23].  Segura‐Pérez, S., Richter, L., Rhodes, E. C., Hromi‐Fiedler, A., Vilar‐Compte, M., Adnew, M., Pérez‐Escamilla, R., 2022, Risk Factors for Self‐Reported Insufficient Milk During the First 6 Months of Life: A Systematic Review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18, e13353.

[24]. Lin, S. Y., Lee, J. T., Yang, C. C., Gau, M. L., 2011, Factors Related to Milk Supply Perception in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Section, Journal of Nursing Research, 19(2), 94-101.

[25]. Modepeng, T., Pavadhgul, P., Bumrungpert, A., Kitipichai, W., 2021, The Effects of Date Fruit Consumption on Breast Milk Quantity and Nutritional Status of Infants, Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(11), 909-914.

[26]. Rohmi Handayani, Siti Yulaikah ,The Effect of Date Juice Consumption on Increasing Breast Milk Production in Lactating Mothers Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta.

[27]. Ulumbi, K. N., 2014, Factors Contributing to Inadequate Exclusive Breast Feeding Practices in Children Aged 0-6 Months in Tanzania: A Case of Muhimbili National Hospital (Doctoral Dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania.

[28]. Lifschitz, C. H., 2001, Feeding Problems in Infants and Children. Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology, 4, 451-457.

[29]. Ebrahimi F, S., Hemmati, M., Malekaneh, M., 2017, Effects of the Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) on Prolactin, IGF-1, and Stress Factors in Lactating Female Rats and its Impact on their Litters’ Development, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 10(3), 251-258.

[30]. Tafrishi, R., Shekari, S., Ajam, M., Barati, E., Haghjoyan, S. M., Rokni, A., Abbasi Dalooei, M., 2020, The Effect of Dates and Fennel on Breastfeeding Adequacy of Mothers: A Review, International Journal of Pediatrics, 8(9), 11891-11899.

Abstract:

Adult patients with Osteoarthritis of the Lower Limb (OALL) is a widely recognized health burden. Western Ontario and McMaster’s Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) are widely used to assess osteoarthritis among patients. The study aimed to evaluate the health status of adult patients with OALL in Chennai City, India using the WOMAC scale. A cross-sectional study design was used. Respondents who arrived at the hospital and met the inclusion criteria were selected one after one. One hundred seven patients diagnosed with OALL participated in the study. Among them, 81 were female patients and 26 were male patients. To assess the health status of OALL patients, three instruments were used; the General information questionnaire, the WOMAC scale and the Self-rated Health status questionnaire. The variables were evaluated by mean and standard deviation. ANOVA was calculated by using SPSS Version 21. The mean ± SD age of the adult patients was 60.42 ± 9.07 years. Experience of pain, stiffness, and performance of daily activities was significantly worse among female patients with OALL. There is a strong correlation between the gender and age group of adult patients (Male <0.003 and Female <0.001) and their level of physical suffering. More than half of the patients (57%) stated that their overall health condition was bad. OALL significantly impairs the health and daily activities of adult patients in India. The findings of this study may support policymakers in designing community-based geriatric health care and health policies.

References:

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[2].   Ogunbode A. M., Adebusoye, L. A., Olowookere, O., Alonge, T. O., 2014, Physical Functionality and Self-Rated Health Status of Adult Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Presenting in A Primary Care Clinic, Ethiop J Health Sci., 24(4), 319-328, http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v24i4.7

[3].   Burgos-Vargas, R., Aggarwal, J., Johnson, K. D., Ramey, D., Lozano, F., Macahilig, C., et al, 2021, Results from A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study to Assess Inadequate Pain Relief in Patients with Knee and/or Hip Osteoarthritis in Mexico. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed), 17(7), 397–403, Doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2019.11.008

[4].   Xue, Q., Long, H., Lin, J., Du, D., Zhou, J., Chen, J., et al., 2021, Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction with Pharmacological Interventions in Chinese Adults with Chronic Pain due to Osteoarthritis, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 22(1), 178, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04012-2

[5].   Abramoff, B., and Caldera, F. E., 2020, Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am, 104(2):293–311, Doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007

[6].   Narasimha, B C., Ravish, K. S., Ranganath, T. S., and Navya Sri, S., 2016, A Study on Knee Joint Osteoarthritis among the Women aged above 40 years, Residing in the Urban Field Practice Area at a Tertiary Care Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. pISSN 2394-6032 | eISSN 2394-6040, International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(6), 1554-1558, Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161627

[7].   Marks, R., 2014, Perceived Health Status of Women with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationships of Age, Body Mass, Pain, and Walking Limitations, The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 8, 255-263, Doi: 10.2174/1874325001408010255

[8].   Mohammad, H., Ebrahimzadeh, Hadi Makhmalbaf, 2014, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) in Persian Speaking Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, Arch Bone Joint Surg, 2(1), 57-62, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265517317

[9].   Kim, M. J., Kang, B. H., Park, S. H., Kim, B., Lee, G. Y., Seo, Y. M, Park, K. S, Yoo, J. I, 2020, Association of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) with Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(7), 2260, http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072260

[10].  Khuman, R. P, Chavda, D., Surbala, L., Bhatt, U., 2018, Reliability and Validity of Modified Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Gujarati version in Participants with Knee Osteoarthritis, Physiother–J Indian Assoc Physiother, 12, 8-15, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324158500_

[11].  da Silva Júnior et al, 2023, Measurement Properties of the Short Version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) for Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24,574, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06696-0

[12].  Jones, J. G and Leighton, 2019, Comparison of WOMAC with SF-36 for OA of the Knee or Hip, Annals of the Rheumatic, http://doi.org10.1136/ard.61.2.182-a

[13].  Kaur, R., Sharma, V. L, and Singh, A., 2015, Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis and its Correlation in Women of Rural and Urban Parts of Hoshiarpur (Punjab), J Postgrad Med Edu Res, 49(1), 32-36, Doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1139

[14].  Jinghui Chang, Yuxin Yuan, Manru Fu and Dong Wang, 2023, Health‑Related Quality of Life among Patients with knee Osteoarthritis in Guangzhou, China: A Multicenter Cross‑Sectional Study, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 21(50), 1 12, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-023-02133-x

[15].  Martı´n-Ferna´ndez, J., Garcı´a -Maroto, R., Bilbao, A., Garcı´a-Pe´rez, L., Gutie´rrez-Teira, B., Molina- Siguero, A., et al., 2020, Impact of Lower Limb Osteoarthritis on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Expressed Loss of Utility in the Spanish Population. PLoS ONE, 15(1), e0228398, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228398

[16].  Mojahed Shalhoub, Mohammad Anaya, Soud Deek, Anwar H. Zaben, Mazen A. Abdalla1, Mohammad M. Jaber1, Amer A. Koni and Sa’ed H. Zyoud, 2023, The Impact of Pain on Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 23(248), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05207-x

[17].  Dhawan, D., Sharma, S, 2020, Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines, and Non-communicable Diseases, J Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol, 203:105737 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737

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[23].  Suganya, M., Kalabarathi, S., 2024, Association of Body Mass Index with Dietary Intake and Self-Care Health Activities of Mothers After Postpartum: A Mixed-Method Research in Chennai City, India, Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis,14(1),52-57, https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_71_23

Abstract:

Breast cancer is a major public health problem and the most common progressive cancer in women, which accounts for high mortality rates worldwide accounting for approximately 1 in 4 cases of cancer among women. Several studies have found that the annual incidence of breast cancer is rising in developing countries. According to the International Agency for Cancer Research, approximately 10980 new cases of breast cancer have been identified with family history of cancer, delay in menopause, reproductive behaviours, and lifestyle-related factors such as obesity, smoking, physical activity decline, and exposure to radiation, stress, and anxiety. The study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination in the prevention of breast cancer among women. The quantitative research approach descriptive research design total of 60 women who were attending OPD at an urban health centre participated in this study and they were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The demographic data and knowledge of self-breast examination on the prevention of cancer among women was collected by using the self-questionnaire checklist. The outcome result showed that 36(60%) of women had poor knowledge, 14(23.3%) of women had moderately adequate knowledge and 9(15%) women had adequate knowledge regarding self-breast examination.

References:

Abstract:

Caring for a disabled child can make their daily parenting duties, such as feeding, toilet training and getting them to sleep, it will be more challenging. People who are taking care of a mentally disabled child will undergo a major part of stress in their life and so their sleep pattern will get disturbed. However, sleep complaints have been under-treated by caregivers of all ill family members. Calisthenic exercise is a very simple exercise that helps caregivers to improve sleep quality. The research approach was quantitative research and the research design adopted was quasi-experimental control group design. The caregivers of mentally disabled children were selected by purposive sampling technique. The sample size for the study was 80. It is divided into two groups, that is 40 were in the study group and 40 were in the control group. Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to assess the sleep quality. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the research. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that during the post-test 25 (62.5%) had good sleep quality The p-value of 0.001 is less than 0.01 and is highly significant at the 1% level hence it is concluded that there is a high significant difference between the mean sleep quality scores at post-test level in control and study groups. The mean scores of the post-test are lesser than the mean score of pre-test and it is concluded that calisthenic exercise is effective in increasing sleep quality in the study group.

References:

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[2].   Wadoo, O., Shah, A. J., Sajjad, A., Fearnley, D., 2010, Management and Medical Leadership–Evaluation of Training Needs and Pathways, British Journal of Medical Practitioners, Dec1;3(4), 341.

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[4].   Iranzo, A., De Cock, V. C., Fantini, M. L., Pérez-Carbonell, L., & Trotti, L. M., 2023, Sleep and Sleep Disorders in People With Parkinson's Disease. The Lancet Neurology.

[5].   Joshua, C., Hollingswort, Saloni Dattani, Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, 2020, Mental Health. Published Online at Our World in Data, Apr 28;8:128.

[6].   Wittenberg, E., Goldsmith, J., Ragan, S. L., Parnell, T. A., 2020, Caring for the Family Caregiver. Oxford University Press, Sep 1.

[7].   Mulani, J., Jain, J., Gupta, A., Swamidas, J., Paul, S., Mittal, P., Gurram, L., Chopra, S., Dose. 2022, A Ccumulation for Multicourse Gynecological Reirradiation: A Methodological Narrative and Clinical Examples. International Journal of Radiation Oncology *Biology* Physics, Aug 1;113(5):1085-90.

[8].   Sabih, F., Sajid, W. B., 2008, There is Significant Stress Among Parents Having Children with Autism. Rawal Medical Journal, Oct;33(2):214-6.

[9].   Magnúsdóttir, I., Lovik, A., Unnarsdóttir, A. B., McCartney, D., Ask, H, Kõiv, K., Christoffersen, L. A., Johnson, S.U., Hauksdóttir, A., Fawns-Ritchie, C., Helenius, D., 2022, Acute Covid-19 Severity and Mental Health Morbidity Trajectories in Patient Populations of Six Nations: an Observational Study. The Lancet Public Health. May 1;7(5): e406-16.

[10].  Mohamad Aun, N. S, Zakaria, S. M, Ahmad Badayai, A. R, Idris, I. B, Mohd Daud, T. I, Mohd Fazree, S. D., 2022, Quality of Life among Mothers of High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder Adolescents. Int J Environmental Res Public Health. May;30;19(11).

[11].  Lovell, B., Elde, G. J., Wetherell, M. A., 2021, Sleep Disturbances and Physical Health Problems in Caregivers of Children With ASD, Research in Developmental Disabilities. Jun 1;113:103932.

[12].  Lee, J., 2013, Maternal Stress, Well-Being, and Impaired Sleep in Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities, A Literature Review, Research in Developmental Disabilities. Nov 1;34(11):4255-73.

[13].  Soltanifar, A., Akbarzadeh, F., Moharreri, F., Soltanifar, A., Ebrahimi, A., Mokhber, N., Minoocherhr, A., Naqvi, S. S., 2015, Comparison of Parental Stress Among Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, Jan;20(1):93.

[14].  Batool, S. S, Khurshid, S., 2022, Factors Associated with Stress Among Parents of Children with Autism. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Oct 1;25(10):752-6.5.

[15].  Filiz., 2008, The Effect of Calisthenic Exercise on Physical Fitness Values of Sedentary Women, Science & Sports, Dec 1;23(6):306-9.

[16].  Colakoglu, S., Caligiuri, P., 2008, Cultural Distance, Expatriate Staffing and Subsidiary Performance, The Case of US Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Feb 1;19(2):223-39.

[17].  Thomas, E., Bianco, A., Mancuso, E. P., Patti, A., Tabacchi, G., Paoli, A., Messina, G., Palma, A., 2017, The Effects of a Calisthenics Training Intervention on Posture, Strength and Body Composition, Isokinetics and Exercise Science, Jan 1;25(3):215- 220.

[18].  Hodgetts, S., McConnell, D., Zwaigenbaum, L., Nicholas, D., 2017, The Impact of Autism Services on Mothers' Psychological Wellbeing. Child: Care, Health and Development, Jan;43(1):18-30.

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[20]. Tsourlou, T., Gerodimo, V., Kellis, E., Stavropoulos, N., Kellis, S., 2003, The Effects of a Calisthenics and a Light Strength Training Program on Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Body Composition in Mature Women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, Aug 1;17(3), 590-8.

Abstract:

Teenagers today are profoundly impacted by the digital world, particularly in light of the widespread use of social media platforms and apps. The internet user base in the country is approximately 125 million. India is expected to have close to 165 million mobile internet users by March 2015, up from 87.1 million in December 2012 as more people are accessing the web through mobile devices and Dongles, a report by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB. To investigate how digital apps influence the social behaviour of adolescents and to assess the relationship between the use of digital apps and academic performance among adolescents. A descriptive survey research design using the Probability Systematic random sampling technique was used among 60 adolescents. The data was collected with the help of structured questionnaires evaluating the behavioural effects of particular digital applications and were all used in the data collection process. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the process. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inference statistics. In the assessment of the impact of social media platforms on the behavioural aspects of adolescents, 74% had spent more time on social media apps since they started using them. This study has highlighted the strong influence of some digital apps on adolescent behaviour. Our research shows that these apps have a significant impact on how adolescents behave, having both positive and negative effects. In the modern digital world, one must understand this influence.

References:

[1].   Evans, W. D., Bingenheimer, J. B., Long, M. W., Ndiaye, K., Donati, D., Rao, N. M., & Agha, S., 2024, Randomised Experimental Evaluation of A Social Media Campaign to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination in Nigeria. Journal of Global Health, 14.

[2].   Evans, W. D., Abroms, L. C., Broniatowski, D., Napolitano, M. A., Arnold, J., Ichimiya, M., & Agha, S., 2022, Digital Media for Behavior Change: Review of An Emerging Field of Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9129.

[3].   Nesi, J., Telzer, E. H., & Prinstein, M. J., 2020, Adolescent Development in the Digital Media Context. Psychological Inquiry, 31(3), 229-234.

[4].   Whittaker, R., McRobbie, H., Bullen, C., Rodgers, A., Gu, Y., & Dobson, R., 2019, Mobile Phone Text Messaging and App‐Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

[5].   Whiteley, J. A., Tjaden, A. H., Bailey, C. P., Faro, J., DiPietro, L., Hayman, L. L., & Napolitano, M. A., 2024, Engagement with Digital Weight Loss Intervention Components and Weight Outcomes. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 1-10.

[6].   Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T., 2020, The Future of Social Media in Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 79-95.

[7].   Hair, E. C., Kreslake, J. M., Rath, J. M., Pitzer, L., Bennett, M., & Vallone, D., 2023, Early Evidence of the Associations between an Anti-E-Cigarette Mass Media Campaign and E-Cigarette Knowledge and Attitudes: Results from A Cross-Sectional Study of Youth and Young Adults. Tobacco Control, 32(2), 179-187.

[8].   Krishnan, N., Gu, J., & Abroms, L. C., 2021, Mobile Phone-Based Messaging for Tobacco Cessation in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Addictive Behaviors, 113, 106676.

[9].   Zieger, M., & Strzelecki, A., 2021, The Rise of Infodemiology and Infoveillance during COVID-19 Crisis. One Health, Springer Publication, 13, 100288.

[10].  Karim, F., Oyewande, A. A., Abdalla, L. F., Ehsanullah, R. C., & Khan, S., 2020, Social Media Use and its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 12(6).

[11].  Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C., 2018, Social Media Use and Mental Health among Young Adults. Psychiatric Quarterly, 89, 307-314.

[12].  Evans, W., Andrade, E., Pratt, M., Mottern, A., Chavez, S., Calzetta-Raymond, A., & Gu, J., 2020, Peer-to-peer Social Media as an Effective Prevention Strategy: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(5), e16207.

[13].  Andrade, E. L., Evans, W. D., Barrett, N., Edberg, M. C., & Cleary, S. D., 2018, Strategies to Increase Latino Immigrant Youth Engagement in Health Promotion using Social Media: Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 4(4), e9332.

[14].  Andrade, E. L., Evans, W. D., Barrett, N., Edberg, M. C., & Cleary, S. D., 2018, Strategies to Increase Latino Immigrant Youth Engagement In Health Promotion Using Social Media: Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 4(4), e9332.

[15].  Yang, K., Liu, Y., Huang, S., Ma, X., Lu, F., & Ou, M., 2020, Effectiveness of Interventions Involving Social Networks for Self-Management and Quality of Life in Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review Protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(1), 163-169.

[16].  Yang, K., Liu, Y., Huang, S., Ma, X., Lu, F., & Ou, M., 2020, Effectiveness of Interventions Involving Social Networks for Self-Management and Quality of Life in Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review Protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(1), 163-169.

[17].  Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group. (2002). The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Description of Lifestyle Intervention. Diabetes Care, 25(12), 2165-2171.

[18].  Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. (1999). The Diabetes Prevention Program: Design and Methods for A Clinical Trial in the Prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 22(4), 623.

[19].  Grist, R., Porter, J., & Stallard, P., 2017, Mental Health Mobile Apps for Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5), e176.

[20].  Conley, C. S., Raposa, E. B., Bartolotta, K., Broner, S. E., Hareli, M., Forbes, N., & Assink, M., 2022, The Impact of Mobile Technology-Delivered Interventions on Youth Well-Being: Systematic Review and 3-level Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 9(7), e34254.

[21].  Conley, C. S., Raposa, E. B., Bartolotta, K., Broner, S. E., Hareli, M., Forbes, N., & Assink, M., 2022, The Impact of Mobile Technology-Delivered Interventions on Youth Well-Being: Systematic Review and 3-Level Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 9(7), e34254

Abstract:

Worm infestation is one of the silent and prevalent diseases in developing countries, is more common among children, and can cause nutritional impairment and poor development. Knowledge of worm infestation among mothers can reduce the incidence of worm infestation and its complications in the family. Descriptive research design used. After obtaining permission, 40 samples were selected by continence sampling technique. The purposes of the study were explained, obtained written informed consent and collected the data using the tools for demographic variables, knowledge and self-reported practice about the prevention of worm infestation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result showed that 12 (30%) of mothers had inadequate, 8 (20%) had moderately adequate and 20 (50%) had adequate knowledge of worm infestation. Regarding the self-reported practice, 14 (35%) had poor, 12 (30%) had moderate and 14 (35%) had good practice for prevention of worm infestation. There was a negative correlation r = - 0.0823 between knowledge and self-reported practice. The only association found was between the practice and the husband’s occupation, X² = 9.9943, P = 0.040523. At the end of the study, all the participants were educated about the prevention of worm infestation among children. This study concluded that a significant proportion of mothers had inadequate knowledge and poor self-reported practices regarding the prevention of worm infestation. Efforts should be focused on promoting effective preventive practices like improving environmental sanitation for the well-being of children in rural communities.

References:

[1].   Saranya, M, Sivasakthi, M, Bharathi B. M., 2021, Worm Infestation among All Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) Mothers, J Res Med Dent Sci, 9(12):251-254.

[2].   Brooker, Simon, 2010, Estimating the Global Distribution and Disease Burden of Intestinal Nematode Infections: Adding Up The Numbers–A Review, Inte J Parasit, 40, 1137-1144. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS10_Full.pdf

[3].   Kalaivani, E., & Ambujam, G., 2020, Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge on Worm Infestation among Urban and Rural Mothers of School Going Children (3-12 Yrs) at Karaikal District. Medico-Legal Update.

[4].   Yadav, S., Kumar, R., Singh, S. K., 2021, Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme Regarding Worm Infestation on Knowledge among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Rural Area of Lucknow District. Int J Community Med Public Health., 8:267-72.

[5].   Kassaw, M. W., Abebe, A. M., Abate, B. B, Zemariam, A. B, & Kassie, A. M., 2020, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers on Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasitic Infestations in Sekota Town, Waghimra Zone, Ethiopia, Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11; 161-169, Doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S229610

[6].   World health organization, 2015, Weekly Epidemiological Record Soil Transmitted Helminthiases: Number of Children Treated in 2023. 10 (19), 89 -96.

[7].   Sathiyabama, 2024, A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice of Worm Infestation among Mothers in Pudhucolony Rural Community Area at Erode District, IJNRD, 9(3).

[8].   Jacob, 2021, Assessment of the Knowledge and Practice regarding Prevention of Worm Infestation among Mothers of Children in a Selected Rural Community of West Bengal, NJI, CXII (2).

[9].   Suganya V, Jaimy Scaria, Dr. Indira S, B Kavitha, Ramya K, Revathi D, Naveen Kumar M. R., 2018, International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 3(2); 1075-1078.

[10].  Sadhna Shinde, Suresh Ray & Karpagavalli, 2015, Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary. 2(5) ISSN: 2319 – 2801.

[11].  Swarajyam Y, 2011, A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Mothers Regarding Worm Infestation among School age Children (6-12 Years) in Order to Develop Health Education Pamphlet in a Selected Rural Community, Bangalore, Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 1(1).

[12].  Daljit K., 2015, Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention of Intestinal Worm Infestations among the Mothers of 1–5 Years Children, International Journal of Nursing Education, 7(2), pp. 19–22.

[13].  Bahago, Nosah, I. and Oyewole, Emmanuel O., 2023, Knowledge, Perception and Practice of Deworming among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Rural Communities of Lafia LGA, North Central Nigeria. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4202185 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4202185

[14].  Gupta, M. M., Kandula, U. R., Sachan, S., Joseph, A. V & Baghel, S., 2022, Assess the Knowledge Regarding Worm Infestation among Mothers of Pre-School Children, IJFANS, 11(7).

[15].  Jagadeesan, M, Mariraj, I, Prasanna Karthik, S, Kannan, R, Nivaas, M, Lohitya, J, Raghul, U, Farah Kamaludeen, 2021, A Study about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Worm Infestation among the Caregivers of Children aged between 5 – 12 years in a Tertiary Care Hospital, International Journal Of Research In Pharm Science, 10(3).

[16].  Daljit K, 2015, Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention of Intestinal Worm Infestations among the Mothers of 1–5 Years Children, International Journal of Nursing Education, 7(2), pp. 19 – 22.

[17].  Gnamani, kamalam & Ramaprabhu, 2018, Assess the Level of Knowledge and Practice among Mothers of Pre-school Children about Worm Infestation and Effectiveness of Innovative Health Counselling, Pondicherry Journal of Nursing, 11(1).

[18].  Steinmann, P, Keiser, J, Bos, R, Tanner, M. U. 2006, Schistosomiasis and Water Resources Development and Estimates of People at Risk. Lancet Infect Dis.; 6(7):411–425. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70521-7

[19].  Braveman, P, Gottlieb, L. The Social Determinants of Health: it's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes. Public Health Rep. 2014 Jan-Feb; 129 Suppl. 2 (Suppl. 2):19-31. Doi: 10.1177/00333549141291S206. PMID: 24385661; PMCID: PMC3863696.

Abstract:

Menopause is an inevitable milestone in the reproductive life of every woman. When women's hormones become imbalanced during menopause experience joint pain. Hence the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Camphor Oil Application on Reduction of Joint Pain Among Post-Menopausal Women. The quasi-experimental research design was chosen to conduct the study with 60 samples matched with inclusion criteria. Samples were allocated into the experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30) by convenience sampling technique. A pretest was done by using a numerical pain scale for both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Camphor Oil Application twice a day for 3 days. For the control group, the usual routine was followed. On 3rd day, the study participants were reassessed for the level of joint pain by using the same tool. The study results concluded that the mean difference score in the experimental group was 5.40 and the calculated, t-test + = 40.854 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.001 level which depicted clearly that, there was a significant decrease in the level of joint pain after application camphor oil in the experimental group of post-menopausal women’s. Camphor oil can be a reduction of joint pain among post-menopausal women. It is also a simple, cost-effective, and non-pharmacological method that can be used to complement pharmacological management.

References:

[1].   Anupika Khare., 2012, Arthritis is Rampant, but Few Government Hospitals Conduct Knee Replacements. Retrieved from www.thesoftcover/archive/soporific/anupikahealth.html

[2].   Aoyagi et al., 1999, Prevalence of Joint Pain Is Higher among Women in Rural Japanese - American Women in Hawaii. 58 (5). 315 - 319. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

[3].   Bardel A, et al, 2009, Age - Specific Symptom Prevalence in Women 35 -64 Years Old: A Population-Based Study. 33 (4). 29 - 32. Retrieved from www.pubmed.com

[4].   CNN’s Elizabeth Cohen, 2013, Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.corn

[5].   Cohen et al, 2009, A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of A Topical Cream Containing Camphor for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. 30 (3).523 - 528.Retrieved from https://www.pubmedcorn

[6].   Dennastain, Lehert and Heinemann, 2011, Global Epidemiological Study of Variation of Premenstrual Symptoms With Age and Socio Demographic Factors, 17(3). 96-101. Retrieved from https://www.pubrned.com

[7].   Egypt soc. Parasitol, 2002, Camphor Oil in the Treatment to Relieve Pain. 32 (3). 797 - 803. Retrieved from www.pubmed.com

[8].   Elina Hemminki et al, 2012, High Prevalence of Vasomotor Symptoms Among Middle - Aged Women. 44 (2). 34-37. Retrieved from http://www.biornedcentral

[9].   Jan Sheehan, 2011, Joint Pain and Women - Women's Health - Everyday Health. Retrieved from www.everydayhealth.com

[10].  John - Ling Fuh, 2010, The Kinmen Women - Health Investigation: A Menopausal Study of A Population Aged 40 - 54. 39 (2). 117 - 124. Retrieved from www.pubmedcorn

[11].  Julie Solomon, 2010, Muscle and joint pain relieve. Retrieved from http://www.herbaldestination.com

[12].  Kim breske, 2011, Joint Pain Causes in Women. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com

[13].  Larraine Dinnerstein et al, 2010, A Population-Based Survey of Asian Women's Experience of Premenstrual Symptoms. Journal of SAGE, 16 (4), 139 – 145.

[14].  Macpherson L. J. et al, 2009, Promiscuous Relationships of Camphor and Other Sensory Compounds. 32 (4). 335 - 343. Retrieved from www.pubmed.corn

[15].  Maglingo. M, 2010, Menopausal Arthralgia: Fat or Fiction. 16 (4). 822 - 830. Retrieved from http://wwvv.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

[16].  Agarwal, L. P., 2006, Medical Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., New Delhi. Jaypee, Brothers’ Publishers.

[17].  Arelene, P. et.al.,1996, Medical Surgical Nursing,1st ed., New York, Saunders Publisher’s.

[18].  Basavanthappa, B. T., 2007, Nursing Theories, 1st ed., New Delhi: Jayapee, Brothers Medical Publishers.

[19].  Black, J. M. and Jacobs, E. M., 2006, Medical Surgical Nursing, 5th Ed., Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company.

[20].  C. R. Kothari, 2007, 3rd Ed., Research Methodology –Methods and Techniques. New Delhi. National Publishers Pvt Ltd.

[21].  Rahman, A., Zainudin, S, Karmun, V., 2010, Assessment of Menopausal Symptoms using Modified Menopause Rating Scale among Middle Age Women in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Asia Pacific Family Medicine 9:5.

Abstract:

Globally, self-poisoning with various substances like pesticides, and chemical substances with suicidal intention is a major cause of death and disability. It appears that the variety of drugs that induce poisoning is influenced by several obscure factors, including ease of access to poisons, sociodemographic characteristics, and geographic location. The most often used toxins in India reportedly include chemicals, pharmaceutical substances, and pesticides. Poisoning management by the healthcare team is made more difficult by various aspects like the difficulty in identifying the allegedly consumed poison, co-ingestion of alcohol, and overdosing of other medications, the variety of clinical symptoms, and the requirement for prompt access to precise information for treatment. Furthermore, due to a lack of reliable diagnostic tools and criteria, conditions like poison-induced seizures, respiratory paralysis, and neuropsychiatric disorders are frequently misdiagnosed. Inappropriate treatment resulting from a misdiagnosis may raise the risk of morbidity or suicidality. This case report aims to present the conservative measures taken, the consequences seen, and the clinical results of carbamate poisoning in a chronic liver disease-diagnosed adult man.  Adhering to the evidence-based guidelines for the ultimate management of poisoning may reduce poison-related morbidity and mortality while also improving patient outcomes.

References:

[1].   Shareef, M. L., Kumar, K. R., 2019, A Study Profile of Deaths Due to Carbamate Poisoning and its Management in the Hyderabad Region. Indian J Forensic Community Med., 6(4):233-9.

[2].   Kamath, P. G., Dagli, A. J., & Patel, B. M., 1964, Diazinon Poisoning - (A Report of 25 Cases). The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 12, 477-481.

[3].   Alaboudi, A. R., 2022, Chemical Residues: Potential Food Safety Hazards in the Middle East. In Food Safety in the Middle East (pp. 143-186). Academic Press.

[4].   Panda, S., Nanda, R., Mangaraj, M., Mishra, P., & Venkat, R., 2014, Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients with Organophosphorus Poisoning. Indian Medical Gazette, 167, 6-11.

[5].   Reddy, B. S., Skaria, T. G., Polepalli, S., Vidyasagar, S., Rao, M., Kunhikatta, V., Nair, S., & Thunga, G., 2020, Factors Associated with Outcomes in Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Retrospective Study. Toxicological Research, 36(3), 257–266.

[6].   Sørensen, J. B., Pearson, M., Pushpakumara, J., Leth-Sørensen, D., Buhl, A., Konradsen, F., & Senarathna, L., 2023, Alcohol Use, Self-Harm and Suicide: A Scoping Review of its Portrayal in the Sri Lankan literature. Heliyon, 9(7).

[7].   Dhanarisi, H. K. J., Gawarammana, I. B., Mohamed, F., & Eddleston, M., 2018, Relationship Between Alcohol Co-Ingestion and Outcome in Profenofos Self-Poisoning-A Prospective Case Series. PloS ONE, 13(7), e0200133.

[8].   Schölin, L., Lee, K. K., London, L., Pearson, M., Otieno, F., Weerasinghe, M., Konradsen, F., Eddleston, M., & Sørensen, J. B., 2024, The Role of Alcohol Use in Pesticide Suicide and Self-Harm: A Scoping Review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 59(2), 211-232.

[9].   Kaeley, N., Vempalli, N., Bhardwaj, B. B., & Samal, B., 2021, A Case of Organophosphate Poisoning with Intermediate Syndrome and Acute Pancreatitis–A Rare Complication. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(1), 564-566.

[10].  Mathew, R., Jamshed, N., Aggarwal, P., Patel, S., & Pandey, R. M., 2019, Profile of Acute Poisoning Cases and their Outcome in A Teaching Hospital of North India. Journal of Family Medicine And Primary Care, 8(12), 3935-3939.

[11].  Lageju, N., Neupane, D., Jaiswal, L. S., Chapagain, S., Uprety, P., Regmi, S., & Bhandari, S., 2022, Intermediate Syndrome following Organophosphate Poisoning: A Case Report in A Low Resource and Poor Socio‐Economic Setting. Clinical Case Reports, 10(10), e6448.

[12].  Singh, S., & Sharma, N., 2000, Neurological Syndromes following Organophosphate Poisoning. Neurology India, 48(4), 308-313.

[13].  Ghimire, S. R., & Parajuli, S., 2016, Chronic Organophosphate-Induced Neuropsychiatric Disorder: A Case Report. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 12, 275–277.

[14].  Dewan, A., 1997, Role and Relevance of Poison Information Centers in India. ICMR Bulletin, May, 25(5), 43-46.

[15].  Kernalléguen, A., Le Daré, B., Pelletier, R., Ferron, P. J., Maamar, A., Bouvet, R., Baert, A., Morel, I., & Gicquel, T., 2022, Carbofuran Self-Poisoning: Forensic and Analytic Investigations in Twins and Literature Review. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 136(6), 1585-1596.

[16].  Lee, D. H., Jung, K. Y., Choi, Y. H., & Cheon, Y. J., 2014, Body Mass Index as A Prognostic Factor in Organophosphate-Poisoned Patients. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 32(7), 693-696.

[17].  Eddleston, M., 2019, Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59(1), 341-360.

[18].  Singh, S., & Sharma, N., 2000, Neurological Syndromes following Organophosphate Poisoning. Neurology India, 48(4), 308-313.

[19].  Palimar, V., 2008, Neurological Manifestations in Organophosphorous Toxicity. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 30(1), 29-31.

[20].  Senarathne, R., Hettiaratchi, U., Athiththan, L., Peiris, H., Sarathchandra, C., Senanayake, H., Weerawansa, P., & Siribaddana, S., 2022, Selected Liver Markers in Predicting the Severity of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2022(1), 7826396.

[21].  Eddleston, M., Dawson, A., Karalliedde, L., Dissanayake, W., Hittarage, A., Azher, S., & Buckley, N. A., 2004, Early Management after Self-Poisoning with an Organophosphorus or Carbamate Pesticide–A Treatment Protocol for Junior Doctors. Critical Care, 8, 1-7.

[22].  Davies, R., Ahmed, G., & Freer, T., 2000, Psychiatric aspects of Chronic Exposure to Organophosphates: Diagnosis and Management. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 6(5), 356-361.

Abstract:

Children show a wide variety of behavioural disorders; management of these minor behaviour deviations requires an understanding of the stresses that lead to these problems. So, giving education to the parents regarding the common behavioural problems of children will help them in better management of these problems in future. A Quantitative research approach was adopted for the study with a descriptive Cross-sectional survey research design with 60 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years of children who are receiving Integrated Child Development Services Centre using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. A Self-Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was framed to assess the behavioural disorders. The questionnaire consists of 3 items which include habit disorder, conduct disorder, and emotional disorder. The data obtained will be analyzed given the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. Total of 60 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years children the standardized beta indicates the relative contribution of all five dimensions of the independent variables in predicting emotional disorder based on the percentage of prediction of emotional disorder. Age (07.3%), Gender (09.9%), Parents occupation (03.7%), Monthly income (13.2%) No. of siblings (15.7%) and Birth order (10.9%). Thus, these dimensions of readiness for the adoption of CEIT influence Emotional disorder. In most of the behavioural problem subscales, girls experienced more problems compared to boys (P=0.001). Based on the results, in most of the behavioural problem subscales, girls experienced more problems compared to boys. To exhibit fewer behaviour-related problems than children with unsupportive parents and difficult family circumstances.

References:

Abstract:

This hydrostatic pressure is around 100 mmHg and varies with height. The mean arterial pressure on the foot may therefore increase to 90–190 mmHg and the venous pressure may increase to about 10–110 mmHg upon adoption of the erect position. Passive exercise such as foot massage can have a calming impact by lowering blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity. Reducing blood pressure and boosting the body’s blood flow. Short-term foot massage is a systematic technique in which the health of connected body parts can be affected by applying pressure to specific points on the hands and feet. This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of brief foot massage on mean arterial Pressure among neurosurgical patients admitted to intensive care units. The following are the objectives of the study, to determine the patient with neurosurgery’s pre-test level mean arterial pressure, to evaluate the impact of brief foot massage on patients undergoing neurosurgery’s mean arterial pressure, and to relate the post-test mean arterial pressure to a few demographic factors. For this study, a quantitative research strategy was adopted. This study used a quasi-experimental research design as its methodology. The study was carried out at SMCH. Based on inclusion criteria, a total of 60 study participants were chosen through convenience sampling. A demographic questionnaire and a blood pressure data sheet, which were filled out by observation, interviewing, and physiologic measurement, were used to gather study data. The study results show that the calculated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 6.078 between before 1 min and after 5 minutes and after 1 minute and after 5 minutes was found to be statistically significant at p<0.001 level. This infers that the short-term foot massage administered among the neurosurgical patients was found to be effective in reducing the level of mean arterial pressure.

References:

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[2] Magder, S. 2016, Volume and its relationship to cardiac output and venous return. Crit Care. 20(1):271. Available from: https://vivo.weill.cornell.edu/display/pubid27872907

[3] Lee, S. M., Kim, H. S. 2014, Effect of foot massage on blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in elderly adults. J Altern Complement Med. 20(12):1023-1028.

[4] Özlü, Z. K., Avşar, G. 2019, The effects of foot massage on the autonomic nervous system and the hemodynamic parameters in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 28(19-20):3638-3649.

[5] Mok, E., Woo, C. P.2013, Effect of massage therapy on vital signs and hemodynamic parameters in critically ill patients. Int J Nurs Stud. 50(7):798-805.

[6] McVicar, A. J., Greenwood, C. R., Fewell, F., D'Arcy, V., Chandrasekharan, S. 2007, Effects of reflexology on blood pressure and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial in patients with hypertension. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 13(2):110-115. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2007.01.005

[7] Vedel, A. G., Holmgaard, F., Rasmussen, L. S., Paulson, O. B., Thomsen, C., Danielsen, E. R., 2016, Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarct (PPCI) trial – the importance of mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral complications after cardiac surgery: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 17(1):247.

[8] Hinkle, J. L., Cheever, K. H. 2016, Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

[9] Gélinas, C. 2007, Management of pain in cardiac surgery ICU patients: Have we improved over time? Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 23(5):298-303.

[10] Thibaut, F. A., Chatelle, C., Wannez, S., Deltombe, T., Stender, J., Schnakers, C. 2015, Spasticity in disorders of consciousness: A behavioral study. Eur J PhysRehabil Med. 51(4):389-97.

[11] Marini, J. J., Vincent, J. L., Wischmeyer, P., Singer, M., Gattinoni, L., Ince, C. 2013, Our favorite unproven ideas for future critical care. Crit Care. 2013;17(Suppl 1).

[12] Tracy, M. F., Chlan, L. 2011, Nonpharmacological interventions to manage common symptoms in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Nurse. 31(3):19-28.

[13] Tracy, M. F., Lindquist, R., Savik, K., Watanuki, S., Sendelbach, S., Kreitzer, M. J. 2005, Use of complementary and alternative therapies: A national survey of critical care nurses. Am J Crit Care. 14(5):404-14; quiz 415-16.

[14] Haddad, S. H., Arabi, Y. M. 2012, Critical care management of severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 20.

[15] Meghani, N., Tracy, M. F., Hadidi, N. N. 2017, Lindquist R. Part I: The Effects of Music for the Symptom Management of Anxiety, Pain, and Insomnia in Critically Ill Patients: An Integrative Review of Current Literature. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 36(4):234-243.

[16] Triggle, C. R., He, Z. 2015, Impact of complementary and alternative medicine on cardiovascular disease: Evidence and mechanisms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015:1-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261062

[17] Wang, M. Y., Tsai, P. S., Lee, P. H., Chang, W. Y., Yang, C. M. 2008, The efficacy of reflexology: Systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 62(5):512-520. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04606.x

[18] Sehhatie Shafaie, F., Jafari, H., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Mehrabi, T. 2012, The effect of foot reflexology on physiologic parameters and mechanical ventilation weaning time in ICU patients. J Caring Sci. 1(4):221-228. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5681/jcs.2012.031

[19] Bagheri-Nesami, M., Shorofi, S. A., Nikkhah, A., Zargar, N. 2014, The effects of foot reflexology massage on anxiety and hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 23(19-20):2781-2790. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12577

[20] Gill, S., Abbot, N. C. 2001, Complementary therapies and the cardiovascular system. Br J Nurs. 10(18):1162-1170. Available from: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2001.10.18.9740

[21] Putri, C. N., Permana, B., &Lindayani, L. 2021. The Effect of Foot Massage on Hemodynamic among Patients Admitted in to the Intensive Care Unit of General Public Hospital, Indonesia. Konferensi Virtual Internasional, 805–811.

[22] Azami, H., Ghorbani, F., Razavi, S., &Esfahani, M. 2015, The Impacts of Short-Term Foot Massage on Mean Arterial Pressure of Neurosurgical Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing, 8(3), 133–142.