Abstract:

The study was carried out to assess in-patients satisfaction with food served at Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu. The daily intake of food rich in all classes of nutrients help in promoting wound healing; decrease the occurrence of complications; as well as aiding the patient’s recovery from diseases or injuries. Three research questions gave direction to the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population for the study consisted of two hundred and thirty two (232) in-patients in different wards of Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH). The accessible total population of in-patients as at the time of study was one hundred and fifty four (154). The main instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire. Face validation was done by a jury of Medical and Health workers in Universities, South East of Nigeria to determine the extent to which the items on the structured questionnaire are in uniformity with the stated research questions. The reliability of the instrument was done using test-retest technique (r = 0.74). The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages and charts. The result revealed that only 5.3% and 3.3% of the respondents have high and moderate levels of satisfaction respectively with the food served in their wards. Among the factors responsible for food dissatisfaction were unattractive plates and dishes “any how plate” (40.7%), foods were served cold (37.3%), appearance of food not appetizing (45.3%), unfriendly attitude of food servers (24.7%) and serving meals late (29.3%). The respondents suggested that foods should be well presented (49.3%) and that the hospital should introduce meal options (47.3%) and to serve meals warm or hot (63.3%) so as to improve their satisfaction with food served in IMSUTH wards. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that nurses as the ward managers and patients advocates, should liaise with the appropriate health personnel such as dietician, nutritionists etc. in the food service through a periodic interactive session with a view to relaying clients’ needs and complaints to appropriate authorities. This will go a long way to encourage adequate nutrition and promote speedy recovery of the patients.

Keywords: In-patients, food, food satisfaction.

References:

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[9]. Clarkson, R. (2014). Causes of low patients’ satisfaction. London: Edinburgh Printing Press.

[10]. Corilee, A. & Watters, M. (2013). Exploring patients’ satisfaction with food service. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.. 103 (10): 1347 – 1349.

[11]. David, G. (2008). The hustle of urban high life. Accessed June 2, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.com.

[12]. Ejifugha, A. (2006). Fundamentals of research in health education. Owerri: Barloz Publisher Limited.

[13]. Grant, C. & Kennedy, O. (2013). Feeding beliefs of certified nurse assistance on the nursing home: a factor influencing practice. Journal of Generontological Nursing. 3(7): 5-10.

[14]. Grimble, B. (2014). Primary immune deficiency among patients with recurrent infections. Ceylin Medical Journal. 52 (3): 83-86.

[15]. Jacob, K. (2013). Diets and its modification. New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (13): 674-681.

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to examine societal variables and prevalence of substance abuse in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this purpose, four objectives, four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. This design was considered suitable for the study because the variables under study are assumed to have occurred and could not be experimentally manipulated in the course of the study. The population of this study comprised 371,022 youths of Calabar Municipality and Calabar South Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. The sample of this study consisted of 1000 youths. Simple random sampling technique was used for this selection. An instrument titled ‘societal variables and prevalence of substance abuse among youths Questionnaire” was used for data collection’. Simple Percentages and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis were the statistical tools used for data analysis. The result of the analysis revealed that there are significant relationship between tradition, availability of substance agents, peer group as well as government security agents and the prevalence of substance abuse among youths. Based on this result, it was concluded that societal variables contributes to the prevalence of substance abuse among youths. It was recommended that government should arrests and punishes substance abusers.

References:

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Abstract:

Background: Employee motivation and job satisfaction has been one of the single most important factor that determine work output in any organization. This also applies to the nurses who make up the majority (58.05%) of the health care services providers in the health sector in Nigeria (Omoluabi, 2014). This suggests that a lot of healthcare outcome is dependent on their work output in the health sector. It impacts on patient safety, staff morale, productivity, and performance, quality of care, and commitment to the organisation and profession. The prevalence of dissatisfaction among nurses has been given considerable importance in recent years as it affects patient satisfaction. Lack of satisfaction with work which could be as a result of several factors could have several consequences which are negative on the health sector at large. Which has led to emigration to other countries for greener pastures, leaving the nursing profession to go to other professions entirely or working at suboptimal levels thereby providing substandard healthcare.

 Objective: The objectives of the study are: to find out how motivated nurses are in hospital environment, to find out the contributing factors to the motivation and job satisfaction, and to determine what factors influence their motivation the most. This will be examined using questionnaires developed and pre-tested, to be served to nurses in hospitals in the Port Harcourt metropolis.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in Port Harcourt, Rivers Hospitals. The study population consist of all the nurses that attend the mandatory continuous professional development program (MCPDP) for nurses in Port-Harcourt in March 2016. Non-probability sampling by consecutive recruitment of volunteers until all the nurses that are present at the centre are recruited. A questionnaire that was pre-tested before the study was used to obtain information on socio-demographic data and motivation variables. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16.0) software. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Similarly, continuous variables were described using the measures of central tendency (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (range, standard deviation) as appropriate. Statistical significance of differences between means was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant association of job satisfaction and performance with socio‑demographic, employment characteristics and leadership styles were tested using Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation for quantitative variables. Regression analysis made done using cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Results: the study found the level of satisfaction to be just 32.1%. This is possibly because of the high cost of living in the study location and it has been shown in earlier studies that remuneration and cost of living is most associated with motivation and job satisfaction (Cortse, 2012; Hennessy and Minnaar, 2009). It also showed that the chances of a nurse who had diploma/RN/RM to be more satisfied and motivated to work is significant, this could mean there is more enthusiasm to work among the newly employed nurse who have not had additional education, and could mean additional education makes the nurses feel less than their actual worth. This is in concert with studies made by Timilsina et al, 2015. Conclusion: The level of motivation and job satisfaction among the nurses interviewed by the questionnaire is low as compared to other studies. The government and relevant authorities should look into ensuring that all the factors associated with job motivation and satisfaction among the nurses should be looked into and optimized so as to prevent nurses leaving their profession or worst travelling out of the country in search of better opportunities.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, and Motivation

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Abstract:

Purpose: The review paper presents the factors which are viewed as barriers affecting utilization of eLearning among nurse educators.

Objectives: The aim of the review paper is to analyze critically available literature on use of eLearning as one of the innovative teaching stratergies in nursing education and associated challenges in its

utilization by identifying factors and barriers affecting use of elearning, Identify how lack of using elearning affect quality of teaching and learning and to establish how nurse educators can be assisted to overcome the identified barriers.

Rationale: The rationale for undertaking this exploration is grounded from the fact that information technology has developed and expanded. The benefits of electronic learning (e-learning) is rapidly gaining popularity and it seen as an essential tool that can enhance and facilitate lifelong learning.

Methodology: Literature was retrieved using credible data bases Ebscohost, Pubmed and Google schoolar utilizing key words highlighted below and only articles which discussed the related topic were considered for the development of the paper.

Results: Results revealed that there are several factors which inhibit the utilization of eLearning by nurse educators which includes, lack of faculty skills regarding ICT, lack of support, lack of funds and fear to lose control by nurse educators in learning and teaching process.

Recommendations: Due to the emerging use of technology and the requirement for nurse educators to intergrate technology in teaching and learning it is recommended that Faculty ICT development programmes be a priority and strengthening of existing ICT policies in nursing education.

Keywords: eLearning, eLearning models, Nursing education, Information technology, eCompetence, Barriers for eLearning.

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Abstract:

Background: Compliance to infection prevention and control is a major problem worldwide in Health Care Facilities and especially in developing countries, putting patients at higher risk of Health Care Associated Infections, imposing avoidable suffering, longer hospital stay, disability and death on patients; increasing extra costs on healthcare system and wider economy. Health Care Associated Infections in developing countries including St. Dominic’s mission Hospital in Zambia are at an increase.

Main objective: To assess factors affecting compliance to infection prevention and control guidelines by nurses at St. Dominic’s Mission Hospital, Zambia.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit factors affecting compliance to Infection Prevention and Control guidelines. Data collected by self-structured questionnaire of both closed and open ended questions. Purposeful sample of 30 nurses participated.

Results: 30 nurses participated: 19 females and 11males; aged 21 to 50 years. Majority (82%) diploma Holders, did registered nursing. Findings revealed that (42.2%) had knowledge on use of red containers, (68.5%) used yellow containers correctly. (39.3%) indicated inadequate knowledge, concerning Infection Prevention and Control. Participants’ general information about Infection Prevention and Control guidelines availability, who was supposed to comply and when, was adequate and 99% valued the importance of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines. Factors affecting Infection Prevention and Control compliance were: Inadequate materials and equipment (76.6%), workload (47.9 %), shortage of staff and negative attitude 38.3%. Others were: Overcrowding 33%, inadequate knowledge and finance 16%, also lack of supervision and inadequate departmental meetings on Infection Prevention and Control.

Conclusion and recommendation: Despite participants’ knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control guidelines, compliance needed to be encouraged through supervision and having departmental meetings.

Keywords: Infection, infection control, compliance, health care-associated infections guidelines, health care providers, nurses, St. Dominic Mission Hospital, factors affecting.

References:

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[8]. Hamel, M., zoutman, D., O'callaghan, C 2009. Exposure to hospital roommates as a risk factor for health care-associated infection, American Journal of Infection Control, Vol. 38, pp. 173-181.

[9]. Hamel M, Zoutman D, O'Callaghan, C 2010. Exposure to hospital roommates as a risk factor for health care-associated infection, Am J Infect Control, Vol.38, No.3, pp. 173-181.

[10]. ICAN, 2012, volume 1, issue 1, Available at: http://www.ICANNetwork.co.za

[11]. Katowa P. Mukwato, C.M. Ngoma, M. Maimbolwa, 2007. Compliance with Infection Prevention Guidelines by Health Care Workers at Ronald Ross General Hospital, Mufulira district.

[12]. Khaled M. AbdElaziz and Iman M. Bakr, 2008, Cairo. Assessment of knowledge, Attitude.

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[16]. Muralidhar S, Singh P, Jain R, Malhotra M, Bala, M 2010. Needle stick injuries among health care workers, India, Indian Journal of Medical, Vol. 131, pp. 405-410.

Abstract:

Criminal abortion is common among women despite its effects; physical psychological and physiological. This research was conducted at Mpobi community of Aboaso in the Afigya Kwabre District in the Ashanti region, of Ghana. The aim of the research was to determine the perception of women at Mpobi community on criminal abortion and its effects. A simple random technique was used to select the area from other localities. By this method each area had an equal chance of being selected. After selecting the area, an accidental method was used to select thirty women from their various homes. With this method, a data was taken from the women who were available and meet the research criteria. The target population was on women from age of 13 and above. A designed questionnaire was administered on the sample. Analysis of data was by transforming the raw data into statistical forms such as figures, tables and percentages.

The findings indicated that the issue of criminal abortion was high among adolescents and married women who have too many children; however knowledge on criminal abortion among the women were adequate.

The main factors accounted for the high incidence of criminal abortion in the community were, having too many children, what perception is and how does person channel it appropriately and contraceptive failure.

Base on the findings some recommendations were made which included;

The government should develop solid policies to restrict criminal abortions, expand and provide well equipped laboratories in most remote clinics and hospitals in communities for easy access to be checked for which family planning method is suitable for each person.

The affluent, private thriving businesses and NGO's should come cooperatively to aid and make family planning methods, screening and medications free or at least cost a penny for to aid prevent criminal abortion.

There is a need for proper education about the harmfulness of criminal abortion and the after effects of abortion. Proper education, awareness, training session and guidance should also be given to the people who are involved in criminal abortion about the after effects of the abortion.

Family planning methods should be taught to the adolescent by their immediate parents, guardian and any other respected people in the community.

The church and various Religious faith should be endowed with knowledgeable personnels who can help assimilate to the adolescent the righteous acts of not ending the life of a growing foetus on the account of unexpected results from gratifying the fleshly unsuccummable strong desire for sex.

The adolescent should be raised well with proper standards to bring in consciousness that what one perception starts from the heart through the sensual gates of the body especially the eyes, so as to gain requisite knowledge, self-help and channelling the perceived thoughts with the appropriate approach.

Illegal abortion cases should also be restricted by paying attention to the lifestyle of our growing female wards. The government, persons and personnel and the matured should each play his role in this regard.

References:

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Abstract:

Nurses are at the front line of HIV/AIDS management, thus they have the danger of being occupationally exposed to blood borne pathogenic microbes through needle stick harm, body liquid sprinkles and so on over the span of their daily work.

Numerous studies have examined acceptance and uptake of HIV screening among health workers, yet few studies are specifically on nurses' acceptance and uptake of HIV testing and counselling. This study is aimed at examining nurses’ level of acceptance and uptake of HIV testing and counselling in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria.

The study is a descriptive design which was used to examine the acceptance and uptake of voluntary HIV testing and counselling among nurses in the institution. The target population were nurses at different areas of practice in the institution. One hundred copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to participants from the target group through accidental sampling technique, they were completed, collected, processed, analysed and interpreted.

Result shows that majority of the nurses in the institution had high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. 95% of the respondents were aware of HIV testing and counselling facilities around them and majority (94%) accepted and made themselves available for the test. 51%, a little above half of the 94%, have routine HIV test. Academic qualification was found to be a significant factor in the uptake of the test

Keywords: Acceptance, Uptake, Voluntary HIV testing, Counselling, Nurses, Confidential

References:

[1]. Aniebue P. N. and Aniebue U. U. (2011) “Voluntary counselling and willingness to screen among Nigerian long distance truck drivers.” Niger Med J [serial online] 2011 [cited 2012 Nov 15]; 52:49-54. Available from: http://www.nigeriamedj.com/text.asp?2011/52/1/49/80085

[2]. International Nurses’ Forum, (2006) Nurses at the forefront of HIV/AIDS Ottawa. Canada.

[3]. LI Zungu & BA Sanni (2011) Acceptance and uptake of voluntary HIV testing among healthcare workers in a South African public hospital, South African Family Practice, FMH, 2007.

[4]. National HIV/AIDS and reproductive health survey, 2005. Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, Abuja,

[5]. Muoghalu C. O., Jegede S. A., (2013). “Perception of HIV/AIDS among the Igbo of Anambra State, Nigeria” Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS. Vol. 10, No. 1 March, 2013.

[6]. UNAIDS (2007) Global summary of the AID epidemic. Retrieved on 25th Oct. 2016 from http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf

[7]. UNAIDS, 2008. Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Switzerland.

[8]. WHO (2016) HIV Testing and counselling: the gateway to treatment, care and support. Geneva, Switzerland.

Abstract:

Hepatitis B virus is recognized as important occupational risk to health care personnel. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among health care personnel (HCP) in different health care facilities in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria to determine coverage of HBV vaccination and determine if coverage and taking of post exposure treatment was dependent on category of work place. Mean knowledge of transmission, vaccination schedules and post exposure management was good (55.8%), HCP working at teaching hospital tend to have better knowledge followed by those in primary health centre than those working in general and private hospitals. About half of the HCP (48.7%) who participated in this study felt they were at risk of exposure to HBV by virtue of their job description. Workers in primary care centers followed by those in teaching hospitals are likely to receive booster HB vaccine following exposure than workers in other health facility setting.

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Vaccination, Immunization, Post-exposure

References:

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[2]. Aspinall EJ, Hawkins G, Fraser A, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg D (December 2011). "Hepatitis B prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: a review". Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 61(8): 531–40.

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[7]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immunizations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. (ACIP). MMWR morb Mortal wkly Rep. 2006;55(pp-15):32-33.

[8]. Dienstag JL (2008). "Hepatitis B Virus Infection". New England Journal of Medicine 359 (14): 1486–1500.

[9]. Emma Bourke (14 June 2013). "Preventive drug could reduce HIV transmission among injecting drug users". The Conversation Australia. The Conversation Media Group. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

[10]. Habiba S.A, Alrashidi G.A, Al-otaibi A.E.M. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of health care workers regarding hepatitis B infection in primary health care, Kuwait. Greener Journal of Medical Sciences. Vol. 2 (4), pp. 077-083, August 2012.

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[12]. Fairley CK, Read TR (February 2012). "Vaccination against sexually transmitted infections". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 25 (1): 66–72.

[13]. Fatusi AO, Fatusi OA, Esimai AO, et al. Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine by workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital. East Afr Med J 2000; 77:608-12.

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Abstract:

Background: Every year, more than 200 million women become pregnant. Pregnancy is a normal physiological process and most pregnancies end with the birth of a live baby. Pregnancy is not a disease and pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity are preventable with attainable simple and cost-effective interventions. However, all pregnancies involve some risk to the mother or infant and it is important to prevent, detect, and manage complications early before they become life-threatening emergencies and that is what Antenatal care offers. Antenatal care is considered the foundation for the normal development, adequate growth, and good health of the mother and fetus. Antenatal care is the care given to a woman during pregnancy. It is a systematic plan of preventive and therapeutic care implemented through a schedule of visits between clients and members of the health care team to enable the client (pregnant woman), the fetus and family go through the intrapartum period maximally using all resources to get the best possible outcome of pregnancy. Therefore, Antenatal care is widely used for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of general medical and pregnancy-related complications.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the factors associated with attendance and default/non-attendance at Antenatal clinic by pregnant women in Ile-Ife.

Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed. Purposive random sampling was used to select 80 pregnant women attending the Health facilities selected for the study. A 29-item questionnaire was used to elicit information from the women. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency table and percentage.

Results: Findings revealed that all the 80 (100%) respondents had heard about Antenatal care. 33 (41.3%) were defaulters and 47 (58.7%) attended their clinic regularly and up to date. Factors associated with non-attendance were lack of finance/money (21.2%), occupation/busy work schedule (30.3%), the absence of illness/healthy status (27.3%), and distance (21.2%). The main factor associated with regular attendance of antenatal clinic was good knowledge of the benefit of antenatal care. The recommendation given was that defaulters should be followed up and visited at their respective homes and education on the importance of regular attendance at ANC stressed to them.

Discussion: The findings of this study highlighted the factors associated with regular maternal attendance and default at Antenatal clinic by pregnant women. All the respondents had heard about Antenatal care and were aware of it. About 79% of the respondents got information about antenatal care from neighbours, friends, and relatives who had attended antenatal clinic before. Only 21% of the respondents heard through a nurse. This implies that nurses, midwives, and the health team members need to put up strategies that will assist in reaching a large proportion of pregnant women. From the study, 41.3% of the respondents were defaulters. Some of them default because of their occupation. Those that are traders travel to buy goods or go to the market to sell when the clinic days fall on major market days. Those that are government workers default when they are not granted permission in the workplace. The farmers among them go to farm at times to get farm products for the family. Some default because of lack of money for transportation, the lack of money to buy needed materials and items/pay for services at the clinic. Some said there was no need to attend Antenatal clinic as far as they are healthy. It was also discovered that majority of those who attend ANC regularly were Primigravidae while the multigravidae and grand multigravidae were the major defaulters. The multigravidae and grand multigravidae based their reason on the fact that they have attended ANC during previous pregnancies and are healthy.

Keywords: Factors, Maternal, Regular attendance, Default, Ante Natal Clinic, Ante Natal Care.

References:

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[40]. Smith JB, Coleman NA, Fortney JA, Johnson JD, Blumhagen DW, Grey TW. (2000).The impact of traditional birth attendant training on delivery complications in Ghana. Health Policy Plan, 15:326-331.

[41]. Stevens-Simon C, Beach R & McGregor J.A. (2002). Does Incomplete Growth and Development Predispose Teenagers to Preterm Delivery? A Template for Research. Journal of Perinatology; 22(4): 315-323.

[42]. Sullivan, O. (1990). An Introduction to Obstetrics. A General textbook on Nursing, twentieth edition, London.

[43]. Tariku, A., Melkamu, Y., & Kebede, Z. (2010). Previous utilization of service does not improve timely booking in ante natal care: Cross sectional study on timing of antenatal care booking at public health facilities in Addis Ababa. Ethiopian Journal of Health Dev. Page 226-233.

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[49]. Villar J, Ba'aqeel H, Piaggio G, Lumbiganon P, Miguel BJ, Farnot U, Al-Mazrou Y, Carroli G, Pinol A, Donner A, Langer A, Nigenda G, Mugford M, Fox-Rushby J, Hutton G, Bergsjo P, Bakketeig L, Berendes H, Garcia J (2001). WHO antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care.Lancet, 357:1551-1564.

[50]. Wild K, Barclay L, Kelly P, Martins N. (2010). Birth choices in Timor-Leste: a framework for understanding the use of maternal health services in low resource settings. Soc Sci Med; 71 (11):2038–2045. Doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.012. World Bank Group; [cited 2011 October 5].

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Abstract:

The healthcare has been on the forefront of the news and the mind of many people, therefore, the fact that we have a nursing shortage has everyone uncertain about the future of healthcare. This shortage is especially alarming as we’re faced with baby boomers who are living longer, as well as the Affordable Healthcare Act which increases the number of uninsured individuals, which leads more people in need of getting their health checked. Most importantly, patient safety is at risk resulting in medical errors that otherwise would never have happened. Nurses are also feeling dissatisfaction within their careers and many nurses across the country do not think positively about their field. It is important to control the nurses’ shortage before the negative impacts of the deficiency are too great in damage. Together, hospitals, nursing programs, and the government must all work as a team in order to overcome the nursing shortage. The shortage of qualified health sciences professionals is most often associated with the demand for nursing staff. Indeed, nurses represent hospitals’ largest labor expense, comprising the single greatest component of hospital staff. They are the primary providers of hospital patient care. “Birth and death, and all the various forms of care in between, are attended to by nurses.” There are very few other professions which allow individuals to make such a positive contribution to society. Despite the fact that nursing is meaningful work, the country is facing a nursing shortage that grows more pressing with each passing year. Given their importance in health care delivery, hospitals and other health services facilities must address the reasons behind the growing shortage of nurses.

This study was restricted to only 10 hospitals in Enugu state due to time and finances but there are several hospitals suffering from the same problem in the state.

This study have helped in getting the views of nurses in the state on the causes of nursing shortage and how this shortage have affected their practice.

Keywords: nursing shortage, baby boomers, nursing, nurse- patient ratio, healthcare system and patient.

References:

[1]. ©copyright 2016 Nursing world Nigeria

[2]. ©2016 vanguard media limited, Nigeria

[3]. FMOH (2014) Nigeria's Health Sector reforms

[4]. Nurs Econs. 2007; 2

[5]. 5 (5): 285-292. © 2007 janetti publications, Inc.

[6]. http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-shortage

[7]. http://www.ayatravelnursingjobs.com/nursingshortage/causes/

Abstract:

This study was set to examine the socio-cultural factors affecting client participating in health education programs in UmaruSandandayako general hospital Bida. The objectives of this research were to ascertain the level of participation of client in health education, to find out socio-culture factors affecting client participation in health education programs and to find out ways to improve client participating in health education in umarusandandayako general hospital Bida. The design of the research was descriptive and a sample of 50 health workers was used for the study. Simple random method was adopted in the distribution of the questionnaires which were filled and retrieved. The data collected were analyzed and preserved in simple frequency tables. Finding from the analyzed data revealed that most of the respondents were aware and knowledgeable about health education (80% strongly agreed and 20% agreed, non-disagreed or strongly disagreed) and the need for participation in health education activities. The respondents also strongly agreed (28%) and agreed (40%) that they don’t participate because they don’t understand the concepts, others said they don’t attend because illness comes from god and man made efforts are futile (36% strongly agreed and 44% agreed; only 14% disagreed and 6% disagreed). They also strongly agreed (60%) and agreed (24%) that considering their religious beliefs and giving health packets (70% strongly agreed and 16% agreed) or using interesting methods (50% strongly agreed and 30% agreed) can encourage their participation in health education. This research study can help clients participate in health education in order to better the life of the people by health prevention rather than by health curing.

References:

[1]. Ayele, F. & Kaba, M. (2010). Training Guide on Communication and Social Mobilization of Health Communicators. Ethiopia: Jimma Institution of Health Sciences, Department of Community Health.

[2]. Dharmalingam, R. (2011). Health Education, A New Approach. New Del Hi: Jaypee Brothers.

[3]. Emmuael, A (2011). The Concept of Health Education. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.

[4]. Garaba M. (2010) Health Education for Health Science Students. Addis Ababa the Price Publishers

[5]. Hubley, J. (2010). Communicating Health; An Action Guide to Health Education and Health Promotion. African Journal of Medicine, 5(4), 13-25.

[6]. John, H. (2011). The Principles and Practice of Health Education; A Preliminary Guide. Lagos: Star Books Limited

[7]. Lawrence, K. (2009). Breaking New Bounds in Health Prevention: Health Education in Focus: Nigeria Medical Journal, 6 (5), 34-56

[8]. Micheal, O. (2010). The Precept of Culture and Societal Interrelationship: Breaking Medical Journal, 6(4) 45-60

[9]. Mitike, Y. (2011), Involving African Communities in Community Mobilization and Participation: The Way Forward. Africa Journal of Medicine. 15(3) 45-80

[10]. Mustapha, K. (2009). Health Education in The Tropics: Ibadan: Spectrum Books,

[11]. Newman, J. (2012). The Promotion of Health Utilizing The WHO Guidelines for Health Education. Africa Medical Journal, 4(7) 45-70

[12]. Nursing Online, (2012). The Nursing Theories Retrieved, 13^th September 2015 from http://ww.nursingonline.com/pdif/

[13]. Redolph. L. Education for Better Health: A Manual for Senior Health Educators Ethiopia: UNICEF/MOH Addis Ababa

[14]. Who, (2010). Education for Health. A Manual on Health Education in Primary Health Care. Geneva: WHO

[15]. Williams U (2008). Africa Customs. Accra: Kolite Printers and Publishers.

[16]. Yusuf L. Health Promotion Foundations for Practice. London: Clear Concept Publisher.

Abstract:

This study presents the incidence and management of low back pain among Nurses in Obafemi Awolowo University teaching Hospitals complex, Ile-Ife. (OAUTHC). The study identified the percentage of nurses with low back pain in OAUTHC. The study also identified causative factors associated with low back pain among nurses in OAUTHC, It alsoexplored the management modalities of low back pain adopted by nurses in OAUTHC.

Design/Methods: A descriptive design was adopted for this study. 258 respondents were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. However 255 respondents filled the self-administered questionnaires given to them. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and results presented in tables using frequency and percentages.

Results/Findings: Findings from the study showed that 71.4% of the respondents had low back pain, among which 68.7% had a low intense pain. The study also showed that 54.1% of the respondents with low back pain got their pain from their work. The study also revealed that nursing procedures requiring lifting and bending were highly associated with low back pain. 85.5% of the respondents associated low back pain with wound dressing and bed making. The study also revealed that respondents who had pain manage their pain with, rest, massage, physical therapy and painkillers.

Conclusion: The study concludes that a larger percentage of nurses have low back pain and that procedures such as wound dressing and bed making are highly associated with low back pain which makes nurses working on wards requiring these two procedures to be more prone to developing low back pain and they manage low back pain with massage, rest, physical therapy and analgesics with proven effects

Keywords

Low back pain: subjective experience of discomfort around the 12^th rib to the gluteal folds.

Back care ergonomics: special form of care directed to the spine and muscles of the back.

Nursing procedures: nursing jobs in the hospital aimed at caring for the patient/client.

Pain Management: measures used to control pain either medically, conservatively or alternatively.

Nurses: professionals who are registered and licensed to practice nursing and are employed by OAUTHC to work as a nurse.

Incidence: rate of occurrence or frequency of a case.

References:

[1]. Cesana G, Arduca A, Latocca R, & Sirtori G. (2008) Risk evaluation and health surveillance in hospitals: A critical review and contribution regarding experience obtained at Garado dei Tintori hospital in Monza:89(1):23-46.

[2]. Cherkin, DC, Eisenberg, D, Sherman KJ, Barlow W, Kaptchuk TJ, Street J, & Dayo RA. (2001) Randomized trial comparing Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, therapeutic massage, and self-care Education for Chronic low back pain. Archives of Internal Medicine 161 (8): 1081-8

[3]. Craig AD. (2003). Interception: The Sense of the Physiological Condition of the body. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 13(4): 500-505.

[4]. Congeni J. (2000) Evaluating spondylolysis in adolescent atheletes: history and x-ray findings comfirm the diagnosis; Journal of musculoskeletal medicine; 17(3); 123-126, 128-129.

[5]. Corona G, Monduzzi G, Minerva M, Amedei F & Franco G. (2004). Individual ergonomics and psychological risk factors effects, musculoskeletal disorders in nurses, physiotherapists (in Italian). Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon., 26: 201-2

[6]. Cunninham C, Flynn T & Blake C. (2006) Low back pain and occupational medicine. 56(7):447-454.

[7]. Danning CL. (2000) Psoriatic arthritis: diagnosis and management of a diverse disease: early recognition is the key to successful management. Journal of musculoskeletal medicine 17(3); 169-177s

[8]. Floyd R& Thompson Clem (2008). Manual of Structural Kinesiology New York: McGraw-Hill.

[9]. French P, Wah Flora LF, Ping LS, Karbo L & Yee Rita WH. (2007). The prevalence of occupational low back pain in Hong Kong registered nurses. J. Adv. Nurs., 26: 380-388.

[10]. Hagen KB, Hilde G, Jamtuedf G & Winnem M. (2004) “Bed rest for acute low back pain and sciatica Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD001254.

[11]. Henschke N, Maher CG & Refshauge KM. (2009) Prevalence of and Screening for Serious Spinal Pathology in Patients Presenting to Primary Care Setting with acute low back pain Arthritis Rheum 60(10): 3072-80.

[12]. Marchand S. (2010) Applied pain neurophysiology In Beaulieu P, Lussier D, Porreca F & Dickenson A, Pharmacology of Pain. Seattle: International Association for the Study of Pain. P 3-26.

[13]. Melzack R & Wall PD (1965). Pain Mechanisms; a new theory. Science 150 (3699): 971-9.

[14]. Maul I, Laubli T, Klipstein A & Krueger H. (2003). Course of low back pain among nurses: A longitudinal study across eight years. Occup. Environ. Med., 60:497-503.

[15]. Mitchell T, O Sullivan BP, Burnett FA, Straker L & Rudd C. (2008). Low back pain characteristics from undergraduate to working nurses in Australia: A cross-sectional survey. Int. J. Nurs., 45:1636-1644

[16]. Smeltzer SC & Bare BG (2004). Brunner and Suddarts Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing.10^th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkins.

[17]. Smith C,& Grimmer-Summers K. (2010) The Treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain J Eval Clin Pract 16(3): 484-91.

[18]. Souza TA. (2008). Differential diagnosis for the chiropractor: protocols and algorithms; Aspen Publisher, Maryland.

[19]. Swenson R. (2008) Differential diagnosis: a reasonable clinical approach; Neurologic clinics; 17(1); 43-63.

[20]. Walker BF. (2000) The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of literature from 1966-1998. Journal of spinal disorders; 13(3); 205-217.

[21]. Wall PD & Melzack R (1996) The Challenge of Pain. New York: Penguin Books.

[22]. Waheed A. (2003). Effects of interferential therapy on low back pain and its relevance to total lung capacity. JNMRT:8(2):6-18

[23]. Waddel G. (2001). Clinical guideline for the management of low back pain in primary care: an international comparison. Spine 26(22):2504-2513.

[24]. Yib VB. (2004) New low back pain in nurses: work activities work stress. Health science Journal, volume 2, issue 4.

Abstract:

Stress has become a more recognized term over the past decade and is a major cause of concern for many nurses at work. The aim of this study is to assess the opinion on stress experienced by registered nurses working in a hospital, to identify coping strategies used, to assess the relationship between stress, coping mechanism of registered nurses and work experience, and identify decision making process towards stressful situations and possible health outcome.

A descriptive correlation study was used to identify sources of stress experienced by registered nurses, stress and coping, and decision making process. Simple random sampling technique was used to select fifty (50) registered nurses, using Yemane sample size. Standardized questionnaire was distributed to them. Data generated from the study were analyzed using both descriptive (percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance.

The findings of the study revealed that 64% of the respondents were female, while 60% working experience is between 1-5 years. The greatest perceived source of stress appears to be workload followed by emotional related issues. Registered nurses seem to be resorting to positive appraisal, and seeking social support as a coping strategies and decision making process. The most frequently reported health outcome as a result of stressful situations appears to be psychological heath implications.

Keywords: opinion, work related stress, adopted strategies, coping.

References:

[1]. Barbara F. Weller (2000). Nurses Dictionary 23^rd Edition: RDC Group Limited, China.

[2]. Booyen. S.W. (2001). Dimensions of nursing management. 2^nd edition: Cape Town Junta and Company Ltd, Cape Town.

[3]. Brinks, H.I. (2006). Fundamentals of research methodology for health care professionals, 1^st Edition: Cape Town Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town.

[4]. Burns, N. & Groove, S.K. (2001). The Practice of Nursing Research. Conduct, critique and Utilization. 4^th Edition: W.B. Saunders Company United States of America.

[5]. Cole, F. L., Slocumb, E.M. & Mastey, J.M. (2001). A Measure of Critical care nurses’ post-code Stress. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Houston University of Texas.

[6]. Cox, T. (2001). An Introduction to Individual differences, stress and coping. J. Wiley and Son, New York City.

[7]. Jezierski, M. (2003). Stress and Coping Mechanism. A Report of interviews with eleven Emergency department nurse managers. Journal of Emergency Nursing. 89-95

Microsoft Encarta. 2009 Edition

[8]. www.wilkipedia.ccom/nursingstress/en

[9]. www.jointcommision.org/newsroom/newsreleases/nr_07_09_08.htm

[10]. www.medscape.com/viewprogram/17198_pnt

Abstract:

Promoting health literacy on pre-marital genetic counseling and testing of sickle cell disease among child bearing age in Nigeria has been a topic of dialogue among academics and public administration.

This study showed that majority of the respondent were aware of genetic counseling and testing as well as genotype and marital genotype while some know their genotype.

It was concluded that the general level of awareness of sickle cell disease and pre-genetic counseling and testing is very good although a few misconception and challenges still exist; most especially lack of enough health facilities and personnel’s to conduct the pre genetic counseling and testing activities. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the government and all authorities concerned should help curtail this problem. further awareness and success towards pre-genetic counseling and testing will occur if there is improvement in national health sector as well as entrusting dedicated centers to carry out an adequate services for pre-genetic counseling and testing all over Nigeria and beyond.

Keywords: literacy, pre-marital, testing, counseling, genotype, child-bearing.

References:

[1]. Adicmo; Oyenike A, Omidiji, Olusesan (2006), frequency distribution of ABC, RH blood groups and blood genotypes among cell biology and genetics students of UNILAG. Afr. J B Lotechnol. 5(22) 2062 2065

[2]. Adeyemo, O. A., Omidiji, O. O., Shabi, O. A. (2007). Level of awareness of genetic counseling in Lagos, Nigeria: its advocacy

[3]. on the inheritance of sickle cell. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6 (24), 2758-2765.

[4]. Adewuj; J.O (2001). Knowledge and attitude to SCD and sickle cell carrier screening among new graduate of Nigerian tertiary education institution, Nigeria Post graduate medical journal 120-123.i

[5]. Donatus Onyemowa (2009), Knowledge and altitude to premarital genotyping in the prevention of SCD among students of FCE Zaria.

[6]. Egbuchukwu E.O, Imogie A.D (2002). Knowledge and attitude of Nigerian Adolescent to premarital genotyping. A paper presented at the biennial meeting of the society for research on adolescent pg. 11-14.

[7]. Embu SH, Vichincy EP: SCD in haematology; ase principles and practice. 3r1 ed, New York, churchic/wingstone 2000, pp.485 -- 510.

[8]. Famakintawa, T.T. (2002), A synopsis of medical — surgical nursing: Bayoseye printing press, Delta state

[9]. Fauci AS, KasperDL, Braunward E, Hauser S.L (2008). Harrison, principlesof internal medicine, 17^th edition. Http//www.acces/mcdicine.com

[10]. Ferrone F, Nagee RR (2001). Polymer structure and polymerization of deoxyhaernoglohin 5 In: steinberg MH., forget B.G, Higgs DR: Disorders of haemoglobin. Cambridge university press; pg. 577-6 10.

[11]. Fleming AF, Lehman H (1.989). SCD, a hand book for general clinician, churchic living stone, Edin burgh.

[12]. Forge EG (2000). Thalassemia syindromes in haernatologv. Basic principles and practice.3^rd edition, churchil living stone, Newyork.

[13]. Harper, P.S. (2004): Practical genetic counseling, 6th edition, Jordan Hill, oxford, pp 289.

[14]. Hartwell LH, Wood L, Goldberg ML, Reynolds AE, Silver LE, Veres RC (2000). Genetics: Gene to Genomes 1st edition. McGraw Hill. pp. 820.

Abstract:

Since its importation into Nigeria through a visitor from Liberia, Ebola Virus Disease was officially documented in Nigeria. Its consequences cut across all human experiences at personal, family, institutions and national levels. The victim suffers the effects of the illness and its stigmatization. One can therefore conclude that health workers generally are at risk of contracting this disease, inferably this may affect their work and personal lives. The aim of the study is to assess the level of risk perception and impact of Ebola on the work and personal lives of health workers at the National Hospital Abuja. The study adopted use of primary and secondary data. The primary data were derived from the field of study through administration of questionnaire. The secondary data consist of facts and figures from articles and journals. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used in the data analysis. The research revealed that 99% of the respondents display general knowledge of Ebola virus disease and its mode of transmission. The results revealed that many of the health workers have a high risk perception on contacting Ebola due to the lack of adequate treatment and rapid spread of virus during an outbreak. The findings of the research also noticed a high impact on respondents’ work life where there is a lack of willing volunteers during outbreaks due to stigmatization. It was recommended that policies should be formulated to create quarantine centers in every state equipped to cater for prompt response during outbreak of communicable diseases.

Keywords: Risk, Impact, Ebola, Nurses, Hospital, Abuja

References:

[1]. Gatherer D. (August 2014) “The 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa” J. Genvirol 95 (pt8): 1619-1624.

[2]. Hoenen T. Groseth A, Falzarano D, Feldmann H (May 2006) “Ebola Virus Unraveling Pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease: Trends in Molecular Medicine 12(5). 206-215

[3]. Michele Bellone 2014. www.tellmeproject.eu/content/whatebolataughtus

[4]. Rolison J. J. (2015) Preventive Medicine Report on Knowledge and Risk Perception of the Ebola Virus in the United States

[5]. Ebola Outbreak exposes West Africa’s existing public health woes. 

www.america.aljazeeral.com

[6]. World Health Organization Media Centre.

 www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/updatedApril2015

[7]. Ebola: Protect our Nurses! ICN calls for greater support for frontline healthcare workers. Geneva, Switzerland. 21 May 2015. www.nursesarena.com

[8]. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Ebola Virus Disease outbreak, Nigeria. July-September, 2014. 3rd October, 2014.

[9]. Alexandra Thomsen (2014) Ebola Update: Death in Nigeria, Impact on Healthcare Workers. www.healthmap.org.

[10]. Audie Cornish (2014) Ebola Outbreak takes toll on African’s Health Workers. 

www.npr.org.

Abstract:

The study aims at establishing challenges experienced by e-learning student nurses at Ndola school of nursing. e-Learning is a platform for learning which uses various electronic appliances which includes computers, internet facilities and other appliances for collection, processing, storage and dissemination of information world over. e-Learning is defined as technology supported learning and the delivery of content via all electric media (1). e-learning is the teaching and learning where students are not required to be physically present at a specific location during the term as the process of providing instructions when students and instructors are separated by physical distance, time or both, e mail and web are used for initiation of life-long learning in educational process lead to new forms of education and education programs (2).

In Kenya Amref Health Africa trained over 7,000 Kenyan nurses through e-learning in 2011, while in Tanzania Amref Health Africa intend to train 1000 nurses by the end of the program (3). In Zambia e-learning to train nurses was launched on 13^th February 2014, in partnership with Child fund international to help accelerate their training in line with the 21^st century technology. The first intake of trainee nurses’ e learners was enrolled in July 2014 in four schools namely; Ndola, Kitwe, Mufulira, and Livingstone and the programme is conducted in nursing colleges managed by ministry of health only. To ensure smooth implementation of this programme child fund in conjunction with general nursing council trained 16 principle tutors in curriculum adaptation, 30 tutors in development of content materials and 20 tutors in review of e content before training commenced. Child fund international also donated 80 computers to supplement on existing equipment in these training institutions. The aim of this project is to train 6,000 nurses in the next five years in 16 ministries of health training schools, with each registered nursing school training not less than 50 students initially and increase eventually as they gain experience (4). A blended approach of e-learning has been is a mix of the traditional and online methodologies where some of the learning that is required to achieve a learning objective is undertaken in the traditional classroom environment but the use of eLearning technologies and methods is also applied to the learning that is undertaken. This method of training nurses has a lot of advantages compared to the traditional method.

References:

[1] Billings DM: A framework for assessing outcomes and practices in web- based courses in Nursing: Journal of NSG Education 2000, 39 (2): 60-67. Pubmed Abstract.

[2] Correspondence: Vivian Mwiinga, Ndola School Of Nursing, Postal Agency, Ndola. Zambia

[3] Chang, CS (2000). The effect of attitude and self efficacy and college student performance on online instruction. In PHD Thesis, University of Kansas.

[4] Czerniewicz L, Brown C. (2005)The uses of information and communication (ICT) in teaching and learning in South African higher education practices in the Western Cape. Perspect Educ. 2005; 23(4):1–18.

[5] Elango, R. Gudep, V. K. and Selvam, M. “Quality of e-Learning: An Analysis Based on e-Learners’ Perception of eLearning.” The Electronic Journal of e-Learning Volume 6 Issue 1, pp. 31 - 44, available online at www.ejel.org

[6] Gerkin KL, Taylor TH, Weatherby FM; The perception of Learning and Satisfaction of nurses in the online Environment. Journal for Nurses in staff development 2009, 25 (1): 8-13

[7] ICT facts and figures 2013. The world in 2013. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union; 2013 http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2013-e.pdf, accessed 3 October 2014).

[8] Imel, S (2000), e-Learning: Trends and issues alert. Office of Educational research and Improvement, Washington DC.

[9] L Mansour, B (2007, P4) Student positive and negative experiences in hybrid and online classes, college student journal, 41 (1), 242-248.

[10] Martens, R Bastiaens, T and Kirschner, P. (2007). New learning design in distance education: The Impact on student perception and motivation. Distance Education, 28 (1), 81-93.

[11] Mangan, K. S. (2001) “Expectations evaporate for online MBA programs”, Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(6), p31.

[12] Peter Kokol, Helena Blazon, Dusanka Micetic-Turk, Patricia, Abbort. University of Maribor, University College of Nsg studies, Zuma ulica 15, Slovenia, John Hopkins University, School of Nursing. USA.

[13] Pillay, P and Mtshali NG (2008), Clinical Supervision and support for bridging programme students in Greater Durban area.

[14] Rosenbaum, D. B. (2001) May 28, “E-learning beckons busy professionals”, ENR, 246(21), pp 38–42

[15] Seufart, S: Back, A: Hauster, M (2000), e-Learning Cockbook for internet based learning. Smartbook, Zeurich.

[16] Selcuk Karaman (2011), Nurses perceptions of online Continuing Education. BMC Medical Education 2011, 11: 86.

http://www.Biomedcentral.com/1472-6920//11/86accessedon6/07/15.

[17] Smith, L. J. (2001) “Content and delivery: A comparison and contrast of electronic and traditional MBA marketing planning courses”, Journal of Marketing Education, 23(1), p 35.

[18] The Post 13 Feb, Thursday, 2014: Ministry of health accelerates nurses training using e-Learning programme.

[19] Tiwari, A: LAM, D: YUEN, KH: CHAN, R; FUNGIT and CHAN, S (2005), Student learning in Clinical Nursing Education: Perception of relationship between assessment and Learning. Nurse Education Today, 25 940 pp 299-308

[20] Vasquez Bronfman, S. Linking Information Technology and Pedagodical Innovation to enhance mgt education Wirtscaft Universtat. Wien

[21] World Health Organization (2015) I. Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb. II. Atun, Rifat. III. Car, Josip. IV. Majeed, Azeem. V. Wheeler, Erica. E-Learning for undergraduate health professional education: a systematic review informing a radical transformation of health workforce development. ISBN 978 92 4 150826 1

Abstract:

Background: Theories of behavior change indicate that a careful analysis of different changing factors is helpful when trying to influence professional practice.¹There are many such factors faced by nurses, which lead to poor practices among nurses. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that lead to poor nursing practices among Registered Nursesin Health Care setting Of Lahore Pakistan

Method: A descriptive cross sectional survey was used to identify the factors that lead to poor nursing practice. To carry out this survey, a convenient sample of n=30 Registered Nurses was selected from those Registered Nurses, who are studying at College of Nursing and at the same time they are practicing too. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 14 declarative statements was administered to the participants for the purpose of data collection.

Results: A 100% response rate was achieved. The prominent factors identified, leading to poor nursing practices included shortage of staff, high work load, poor time management, poor task organization, unhealthy work environment, unavailability of proper equipment’s, lack of clinical experience, lack of professional knowledge and poor communication skills.

Conclusion: It was concluded that numerous factors that lead to poor nursing practices have been identified i.e. shortage of staff, high work load, poor time management etc., also these factors should have to reduce to enhance quality of nursing care and making nursing practice more better. This study has laid the foundation for further research in to implementation of good practice by nurses in hospitals by identifying factors that lead to poor practice.

Keywords: Factors Leading to Poor Nursing Practices among Registered, Different Approaches to Nursing practice, Significance of study, Ethical Consideration, Data analysis, Discussion, summary

References:

[1]. Aiken LH, Walter Sermeus, Douglas M Sloane, Anne Scott, Carol Tishelman (2012) Patient Safety, Satisfaction And Quality Of Hospital Care. Available From

Http://Www.Bmj.Com/Content/344/Bmj.E1717.Pdf%2Bhtml Accessed At12:07pm On 24september, 2012

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Abstract:

Clinical signs of infection during the neonatal period are often nonspecific and non-localized. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to control antibiotic use during the neonatal period. Most times indication for antibiotics therapy in this population is based only on clinical presentation. A significant number of infants are prescribed antibiotics based on the symptom of tachypnea alone. Of these infants, a significant number of are later diagnosed with a benign condition called Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether a complete health history delivered through health Information technology can potentially decrease unnecessary antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit at the Victoria Hospital in Saint Lucia. The research was conducted by interviews. Physicians mentioned that a major challengethey face in determining infant risk factors for the development of bacterial infection is the availability of critical information on the maternal history as well as the event surround the birth and delivery of the neonate. Other factors such as reliability, efficiency and availability of lab investigation as well as unit policies and guidelines were identified as influential in their decision of whether to administer treatment to the infant or not. The results of the study concluded that physician agreed that information delivered via information technology would potentially guide health care providers in the decision on antibiotics use in the neonatal unit.

Keywords: Tachypnea, Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn, Antibiotics, Resistance

References:

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Abstract:

Nursing is a risky and hazardous occupation in the developing countries, but little is known about the occupational risk and hazards facing the nursing work force in Nigeria. In this article, the purpose is to identify some of the work-related risk and hazards among a sample of nurses in central hospital warri. Cross-sectional data were collected through a self-administered survey in the hospital facilities. 25 questionnaires was submitted, 22 Nurses returned theirs (88%) Measures included four categories: work-related demographics, occupational risk /illness, reporting behaviour, and safety awareness. From the study, the result shows that Nurse who are not satisfy with the working conditions (working environment, safety measures, staff shortage, etc), at the Hospital has 78.9%, Over 85% are faced with extreme pressure at work, while 57.89% report any work-related health risk and hazards to the hospital authorities, 80%, of the sample of nurses experienced fatigue (temporal loss of strength and energy from hard physical/mental work. While 50% of Nurses experience low back pain and are regularly exposed to contagious pathogens/agent the results also revealed that 70% of the nurses claim they work under unclean working environments. 15% of nurses are exposed to radiation as stated in the data collected, another 20 % have been involved in electrical shock accident. 85% of Nurses understand their role in the safety and health management system, while 65% of nurses say that the management team do not regularly inspect the hospital. Future research should examine a factor which leads to risks and strengthen policies?

Keywords: Risk, Nurses, hazards Ergonomics, Nigeria

References:

[1]. E. O. Orji, O. B. Fasubaa, U. Onwudiegwu, F. O. Dare, and S. O. Ogunniyi, “Occupational health hazards among Nurses and health care workers in an obstetrics and gynaecology unit of a Nigerian teaching hospital,” Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 75–78, 2002

[2]. J. A. Johansson, “Psychosocial work factors, physical work load and associated musculoskeletal symptoms among home care workers.,” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 113–129, 1995

[3]. P. K. Triolo, “Occupational health hazards of hospital staff nurses. Part II: physical, chemical, and biological stressors,” AAOHN Journal, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 274–279, 1989

[4]. R. M. Moore Jr. and R. G. Kaczmarek, “Occupational hazards to Hospital Nurses: diverse, ill-defined, and not fully appreciated,” American Journal of Infection Control, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 316–327, 1990

[5]. R. R. Rosa, “Extended workshifts and excessive fatigue,” Journal of Sleep Research, vol. 4, supplement s2, pp. 51–56, 1995. Berland, G. K. Natvig, and D. Gundersen, “Patient safety and job-related stress: a focus group study,” Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 90–97, 2008.

[6]. S. Vegso, L. Cantley, M. Slade et al., “Extended work hours and Occupational health risk of acute occupational injury: a case-crossover study of workers in manufacturing,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 597–603, 2007.

Abstract:

Background: There has been growing public concern regarding the moral behaviours of healthcare professionals. Complaints of poor ethical conduct and rise in litigation against healthcare practitioners is not uncommon. All qualified, healthcare personnel are expected to have adequate knowledge of ethical practice and legal issues (ELI). This study aims to explore the knowledge and practice of ELI among nurses and doctors of Plateau state specialist hospital, Nigeria.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among eighty-nine nurses and doctors working in the study site who gave written consent. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of ethical and legal issues (ELI) and influencing factors was collected using a semi-structured, interviewer- administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: The modal age group was 31-40 years (40.4%). About 15% of participants were doctors. Majority (94.4%) had heard about ELI. A greater number (78.7%) of indicated being faced with ethical problems on daily basics. Roughly 40% indicated that they have not had enough training on ELI. Lack of time (68.5%), not having mentors (82%), lack of knowledge (75.3%), lack of awareness (83.1%) and lack of motivation (82%) were major factors influencing proper ethical conduct and practice. There was no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of the participants.

Conclusion: There is need for continuing education on ELI in the study center. Medical ELI should be formulated to suit local context.

Keywords: Ethical, legal issues, knowledge, practice, doctors, nurses

References:

[1]. B., A. E., O., A. H., & A., O. E. (2015). The Practice of Medical Referral: Ethical Concerns. American Journal of Public Health Research, 3(1), 31-35.

[2]. Barnie, B. A., Forson, P. K., Opare-Addo, M. N., Appiah-Poku, J., Rhule, G. P., Oduro, G., … Donkor, P. (2015). Knowledge and Perceptions of Health Workers' Training on Ethics, Confidentiality and Medico-Legal Issues. J Clin Res Bioeth, 6(1). doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000205

[3]. Hariharan, S., Jonnalagadda, R., Walrond, E., & Moseley, H. (2006). Knowledge, attitudes and practice of healthcare ethics and law among doctors and nurses in Barbados. BMC Medical Ethics, 7(1), 7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-7-7

[4]. Monsudi, K. F., Oladele, T. O., Nasir, A. A., & Ayanniyi, A. A. (2015). Medical ethics in sub-Sahara Africa: closing the gaps. Afr Health Sci, 15(2), 673-681. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.47

[5]. Oyetunde, M. O. (2011). A pilot study assessing litigation in health care services in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci, 40(1), 85-89.

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[7]. Simon, I. R. (2011). Patient Violence Against Health Care Professionals. Psychiatric Times. Current issue. Retrieved 28/10/2016, 2016, from 

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Abstract:

Tracheostomy as a medical procedure is carried out to help secure airway of patients with respiratory challenge. It is not without adverse effect. When tracheostomy stays for a long time there is usually an inherent discomfort which the nurse as a care giver will help to alleviate. This study was designed to explore the knowledge and practice of tracheostomy care for the patients.

The study was conducted at Fedral Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State of Nigeria. The hospital is the major tertiary institution that serve the communities around as well as far away neighboring states.. This study was conducted among the nurses who work in this institution. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative methods of data collection.

Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Descriptive statistics were presented in frequency distribution tables. The t-test was used to determine associations between nurse in two major wards used as regarding knowledge if indication of tracheostomy and factors that influence outcome of care. Statistical significance was determined using a cut off value of 0.05

The results study showed that 80% respondents most favoured failed intubation as indication 82.5% were of the opinion that effective mobilization of secretion is the major area of scope in management of tracheostomy. Change in respiration as an indication for initiating suctioning to clear the patient’s airway rather had low score which calls for in assessing the learning needs of the nurses. Their knowledge associated with proper techniques of suctioning is also a source of concern (21%). The nurses have high opinion about clinical outcome of tracheostomy (above 66%). The result also showed that there is significant difference between the ICU and surgical ward staff knowledge of indication for tracheostomy (. T-tab was 1.6 while t-cal was 5.04 at p-level of 0.05. the result showed a high value of t-cal of 5.04). Also, the result showed the values of mean and standard deviation which were collated and computed using t-test as; T-tab was 1.6 while t-cal was3.69 at p-level of 0.05. The result showed a high value of t-cal of 5.04 showing significant difference between the Icu and surgical ward staff knowledge of care.

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[49]. Walkevar RR, Myers EN (2008). Technique and complications of tracheostomy in adults. In: Myers EN, Johnson JT, eds. Tracheotomy: Airway Management: Communication, and Swallowing. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Plural PublishingInc; 2008:35-67.

Abstract:

St. Luke’s School of Nursing and Midwifery is located at a rural Mission Settlement in Mpanshya, Zambia. It opened in 2009, with just 30 students, but was recognized for its success and innovation and upgraded, now serving 210 students. 400 have successfully graduated and work across the country.

To accommodate the increased intake and meet quality training standards the School pioneered a decentralized practical training model, the first of its kind in Zambia.

Zambia, like many other low income countries, faces considerable challenges in providing sufficient human resources for health. It has a shortfall of 9’000 nurses (60% of its requirement). Rural hospitals suffer particularly drastic gaps between planned and actual staffing numbers, with difficulties retaining them. Zambia failed to meet MDG5 (UNDP, 2013) and still only 47% of births are attended to by skilled personnel, contributing to maternal mortality of 440 deaths in 100,000 live births. International health strategies (WHO 2008, 2010) and Zambia’s national health priorities (MoH, 2011, 2012, 2013) emphasizes training institutions need to increase their output.

Keywords: Pioneering, Decentralized practicum sites, quality, practical-training, rural, Zambia

References:

[1]. 2011 Nursing and Midwifery Assessment Report, Zambia

[2]. 2011 Nursing and Midwifery Assessment Report, Zambia, MOH

[3]. Falender C. A., and Shafranske E.P. (Eds)., (2008). Casebook for Clinical Supervision: A Competency Based Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association

[4]. Ministry of Health (MoH) (2011). National Human Resources for Health Strategic Plan 2011 - 2015. Lusaka: Ministry of Health.

[5]. MoH. (2012). National Health Strategic Plan 2011 - 2015. Lusaka: Ministry of Health.

[6]. MoH. (2013). National Training Operational Plan 2013-2016. Lusaka: Ministry of Health.

[7]. Phillips, J., Simmonds, L (2013) Change Management tools part 2: Managing clinical improvement projects. Nursing Times; 109: 16: 20-22.

[8]. Rossett, A. (1987). Training needs assessment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology.

[9]. Scher (2013) 5 lessons healthcare can learn from project management.

[10]. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2013). Millennium Development Goals - Progress Report Zambia 2013. Lusaka: United Nations Development Programme.

[11]. WHO. (2008). Global Policy Recommendations: Task Shifting Rational Redistribution of Tasks among Health Workforce Teams. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

[12]. WHO. (2010). Global Policy Recommendation Increasing access to health workers in remote and rural areas through improved retention. Geneva: World Health Organisation

Abstract:

The patient environment of care plays a vital role in the discipline of patient safety for every hospital. Demonstrating that the hospital is a safe place for patients and for those that work there should be of the utmost importance for all healthcare personnel. This article broadly describes or outlines ten important points that will improve overall patient and staff safety in any hospital or healthcare set-up to ensure safety and increase patient satisfaction.

References:

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[2]. Bowen F, Newenham-Kahindi A, Herremans I. When suits meet roots: the antecedents and consequences of community engagement strategy. J Bus Ethics. 2010; 14(2):297–318.

[3]. Crawford MJ, Rutter D, Manley C, Weaver T, Bhui K, Fulop N, Tyrer P. Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health care. BMJ. 2002; 14(7375):1263. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

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[6]. Fakih, H. P. E. (2006). “New Designed Hospital Can Enhance Safety”.

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[9]. Lavizzo-Mourey R. Building a Culture of Health. Available at: http:/www.rwjf.org. Accessed December 10, 2014.

[10]. Mazer, Susan (2005) “Error Reduction through Hospital Noise Control,” Patient Safety and Quality Healthcare. March-April, 2005

[11]. Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes on Nursing: What it is and what it is not (First American Edition ed.). New York: D. Appleton & Co

[12]. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub L No. 111–148, 42 U.S.C. §§ 18001-18121 (2010).

[13]. Paper presented at the Med Health 2006, “Quality and Safety.” Arab Hospital Federation

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Abstract:

The research is on the effect of migration (caused by insurgency-Boko Haram) on Yola metropolis, Adamawa State. A case study design was adopted in this research and the target population of 202 respondents. A self-constructed questionnaire was made and an interview was conducted with the help of three assistants.

The purpose of the study was to ascertain its effect on the health of children, women and the elderly.

The research looked at the public health situation of the migrants; they were assessed using advanced health assessment and also had health education that centered on primary prevention, promotion of health and inhabitation (restoration) of health.

Conclusively, it was found that the children, women and elderly were greatly affected by migration.

References:

[1]. Beneberu, A. W (2012) Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Income and Poverty of Migrant Sending rural households: with evidence from Southern Ethopia. Institute for Development Research and Development Policy, Ruhr University of Bochum.

[2]. Dasughih S., (2015) Effect of Boko Haram on the Adamawa State Populace (un published) Hongweixu and Yuxie, (2013) The Causal Effects of Rural to Uran Migration on Children’s wellbeing in China Population Studies Centre University of Maiduguri www.psc.isr.umich.edu.

[3]. Shalid Khan, (2014), Provision Health Assistance to Internally Displaced persons of South Wazinstan Agency in Camps. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, Vol. 2 No. 3 website: http://www.rcmss.com.

[4]. Tom Garba (2010) History of Insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria (unpublished).

Abstract:

One of the most fundamental components of health care quality is the patient safety (World Alliance for Patient Safety, 2004). Patient safety is a priority for every health care system that follows specified standards by ensuring and improving the quality of health care services as one of the main concerns of managers of health care systems (Westat, Sorra, Famolaro, et al., 2010; Stratton, Blegen, Pepper et al., 2004; Bahadori, Ravangard, Aghili et al., 2013).

Patient safety is an essential and vital component of quality nursing care. However, most nations’ health care system is prone to errors, and can be detrimental to safe patient care, as a result of basic systems flaws. A variety of stakeholders (society in general; patients; individual nurses; nursing educators, administrators, and researchers; physicians; governments and legislative bodies; professional associations; and accrediting agencies) are responsible for ensuring that patient care is safely delivered and that no harm occurs to patients (Ballard, 2003).

Most hospitals across the U.S. put ever-changing compliance and quality improvement standards toward the top of their list of organizational priorities. This is important for not only providing a safe environment for the delivery of patient care, but also for assuring that operations are aligned with standards set forth by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (TJC) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) (Reigle, 2013).

In Qatar, safety is a fundamental principle of patient care and an important component of quality management. Its improvement demands a complex system-wide effort, involving a wide range of actions in performance improvement, environmental safety and risk management. Patient safety involves nearly all health care disciplines and sectors, therefore it requires a comprehensive multifaceted approach to identifying and managing actual and potential risks and finding broad long-term solutions for the health care system (Qatar Supreme Council of Health, 2015).

As part of efforts towards achieving quality patient care in Hamad Medical Corporation, the Best Care Always campaign was launched in October 2013. This marked an important milestone in Hamad’s journey to achieve the safest, most effective and most compassionate care for its patients. The campaign’s rationale is a systematic, coordinated and focused approach to institutional quality improvement, designed in partnership with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) - the world leader in the science and practice of healthcare improvement (Hamad Medical Corporation 2013/2014 Annual Report).

In the first year, forty multi-disciplinary teams from wards, critical care units and operating theaters in all eight hospitals have started to test and measure selected changes, with the aim of identifying and implementing evidence-based system improvements that can be applied across the organization. Best Care Always initiative is designed to encourage a culture of transparency and openness to report where new safety measures can be introduced and care can be improved, and provide staff with the know-how to respond (Hamad Medical Corporation 2013/2014 Annual Report).

References:

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[5]. Ballard, K. (September 30, 2003). "Patient Safety: A Shared Responsibility". Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol.8 No.3

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Abstract:

Health workers are vulnerable to occupational exposure to contagious substances and stand the risk of acquiring life threatening disease. The study assessed risk factors for contracting HIV AIDS by healthcare workers in the three Peri-Urban Hospitals in Kumasi. The study was quantitative employing cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 210 randomly selected healthcare workers from the three hospitals who were directly involved in given medical care to patients. Questionnaire and interview were the instruments employed in data gathering. The questionnaire was administered; key informant interview was conducted among healthcare practitioners. Study revealed that HIV AIDS transmission in the hospitals emanates from several factors. The major cause of HIV AIDS transmission was found to be percutaneous exposure. The items measuring percutaneous exposure all had high mean scores and relative importance indexes above 50%, indicating that they are risk factors. Injuries from needle and sharp devices contributed 80% of the risk. The study identified modifiable factors found that promotes HIV AIDS transmission in the hospitals to be, non-use of safety devices, complacency, inattentiveness, negligence, and health and safety delivery rules and policies. The study discovered that healthcare workers exposed to the risk factors receive inadequate post exposure prophylaxis. A single dose therapy regimen is administered to healthcare worker who have encountered percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposures. The study provides useful information to hospital authorities and health personnel to work in an environment risk-free. Systematic risk factors, particularly percutaneous exposure should be a prime concern to healthcare practitioners in the hospitals.

References:

[1]. Akwara, P. A., Madise, N. J. and Hinde, A. (2003), Perception of risk of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in Kenya, J. biosoc. Sci. Vol. 35, p. 385–411

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[4]. Amosu, A. M., Degun, A. M., Makinde, C. M, Thomas, A. M. and Babalola, A. O. (2011), An assessment of specific knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria, Annals of Biological Research, Vol. 2 (2), p. 255-264

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[6]. Cambridge, M. A. (1996), ‘Status and trends of the HIV/AIDS pandemic: the Global AIDS Policy Coalition’, Harvard School of Public Health, François-XAVIER Bagnold Center for Health and Human Rights.

[7]. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (1995), Case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health-care workers after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood: France, United Kingdom, and United States, January 1988-August 1994. MMWR Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep Vol. 44, p. 929-933.

Abstract:

Introduction: Male participation in child-bearing decisions is crucial and also has a positive impact on the acceptability of PMTCT interventions. Well-informed men will be more likely to participate positively in the decision making for the well-being of the couple

There are reasons of involving men in reproductive health which are: expanding the range of contraceptive options; supporting women’s contraceptive use preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS and to use the forum of reproductive health programs to promote gender equity and the transformation of men’s and women’s social roles

Statement of the problem: A study done in Magu district Shinyanga region in Tanzania has showed that Male involvement in pregnancy and antenatal care in Magu district is low. Barriers for male involvement included: traditional gender roles, lack of knowledge, perceived low accessibility to join antenatal care visits and previous negative experiences in health facilities. The data obtained at Reproductive Health clinic at Haydom Lutheran Hospital shows that the number of male attended for reproductive health services for the past six months i.e. January to June 2016 is 920 (18.7%), while the targeted population at this catchment area is 9798 per year and 4899 per six months. As per this data it is obvious that male attendance is low due to either inadequate education on the importance of attending RCHC. So this program is done for the purpose of keeping aware men and the whole community about the importance of their attendance to RCHC hence good number of clinic attendance.

Objectives: to increase the number of male involvement to RCH clinic services at Haydom Lutheran Hospital

Program Stake holders: Health officers of all levels, Leaders and staff (HLH), division, ward and village leaders, politicians, education officers who will be involved in the program

Implementation of the program: During program implementation health education was given to the community for five days with good attendance of 92 male and 420 female. Reasons for not attending to RCHS by men was obtained after interview to 20 men. The results was as follows: 12 (60%) men said that there was low attendance due to sociological factors such as believes, attitudes, communication between men and women followed by 4 (20%) who said it is due to lack of space to accommodate partners So it shows that believes, attitude and communication plays major part in the low attendance of men to RCHC.

References:

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[5]. De Schacht C, Ismaël N, Santos I, Calú N, Vubil A, Alons: HIV incidence during pregnancy and post-partum period in Southern Mozambique: impact on vertical HIV transmission. 2011, Rome: 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment and Prevention, Abstract no. MOPE124

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Abstract:

This article discusses the role of nurses in early identification of signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury (AKI) and then planning and implementing an appropriate nursing intervention. This article will give brief details about the physiology of the kidneys, risk factors, etiology, staging, clinical presentation, assessment guidelines and holistic nursing care of acute kidney injury.

References:

[1]. Acute kidney injury: what every clinician should know. National Kidney Foundation. https://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/newsreleases/0388.

[2]. Cheung CM, Ponnusamy A, Anderton JG. Management of acute renal failure in the elderly patient: a clinician’s guide. Drugs Aging. 2008; 25(6):455-476.

[3]. Druml W, Lenz K, Laggner AN. Our paper 20 years later: from acute renal failure to acute kidney injury—the metamorphosis of a syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2015; 41(11):1941-1949.

[4]. Fischbach F, Dunning MB. A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.

[5]. Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO). Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. Clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2:1-138.

[6]. Kheterpal S, Tremper KK, Heung M, et al. Development and validation of an acute kidney injury risk index for patients undergoing general surgery: results from a national data set. Anesthesiology. 2009;110 (3):505-515.

[7]. Lattanzio MR, Kopyt NP. Acute kidney injury: new concepts in definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009; 109(1):13-19.

[8]. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007; 11(2):R31.

[9]. Murphy F, Byrne G. The role of the nurse in the management of acute kidney injury. Br J Nurs. 2010;19(3):146-152.

[10]. Rahman M, Shad F, Smith MC. Acute kidney injury: a guide to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2012; 86(7):631-639.

http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/patolog_phis/classes_stud/en/stomat/ntn/3/13.CM5(2).Pathophysiology%20of%20kidneys.html.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to assess the weaning practices of mothers of under-five children attending Infant Welfare Clinic, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Osun State. The aim was to assess the knowledge, weaning practices, nutritional status of the under-fives and factors affecting weaning practices. Findings will help improve mothers’ weaning practices and also provide empirical evidences for nurses for health education. A descriptive survey design was adopted and samples selected though convenient sampling. 135 questionnaires were administered and filled by the participants.

Findings showed that majority (92.6%) had good knowledge about weaning practices. A 55.6% initiated weaning at 4-6months of age. About two-third (65.2%) wean their babies with solid foods and larger percentage used milk substitutes for their child. Maternal smoking, lack of knowledge, lack of support, low maternal education, and low socio-economic status were factors identified influencing weaning practices of mothers. Moreover, the study determined the nutritional status of the under-five children. The findings also showed that 65.9% of the respondents’ babies had normal weight, while 28.9% had underweight. Significant association was found between maternal education, occupation and the age of initiation of weaning (P = .001)

In conclusion, despite adequate knowledge of weaning and exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, only about half started weaning at 4-6month, more than a quarter of the children were under-nourished. This shows a gap between knowledge and practice. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses at all levels should educate mothers on exclusive breastfeeding and good weaning practices to promote the health of under-five.

Keywords: Weaning Practices of Under-five mothers

References:

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Abstract:

Malaria is a deadly disease which is spread widely in the tropical regions of the world with holoendemicity in Sub-Saharan Africa. An investigation of fever management among mothers of under-five children was carried out in nomadic Fulani settlements of Adamawa State Nigeria. Management of fever was assessed through interviews and questionnaires. Nearly half of the nomadic Fulani mothers (49.47%) did not take any action within 24 hours when their children had fever. This was not significantly different (p < 0.05) with regard to age, clan and parity of the mothers. The duration between mother’s recognition and management of fever showed that almost half (49.6%) of the mothers did not take time into consideration during intervention of fever. Mothers of under-five who acted within 24 hours of noticing of fever in their children were 30.6%, while those who acted after 24 hours were 12.0%. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between mothers’ recognition of fever and management based on age, clan and parity. Home management of fever by most nomadic Fulani mothers was not satisfactory. Similarly, timely intervention of fever was not considered by most nomadic Fulani mothers. There is the need for appropriate education and adoption of new strategies for timely intervention of disease causing fever among the nomadic Fulani population.

References:

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Abstract:

The word Qi means “breath of life”, Chinese explained it as life energy in human body. It has been evolved as central concept in Chinese medicine as a life force and flow on energy which is essential to sustain human health and life. Qi,’’ a person’s vital energy force that circulates in the body through channels, supposed to be produced by visualization and affirmation. Due to limitations and side effects of conventional medical treatment, patients are increasingly utilizing complementary therapies. However, evidence for the safety and efficacy of qi-gong treatments is limited. The purpose of the current review was to investigate evidence for the role of Qigong in supportive care. Literature review is conducted using the search engines, Pubmed, Google scholar, Springer Link and CINHYL. Only scientific published articles were retrieved from the year 2001-2016. The effects of qigong on physical and psychosocial outcomes were examined in 28 studies and the effects on biomedical outcomes were examined in 15 studies. RCTs with larger sample sizes reflected positive results for the role of qigong in improving mood and fatigue parameters, fibromyalgia, cancer, diabetes mellitus, Arthiritis, Parkinson’s disease and reducing inflammation. Moreover, qigong exercise in combination with conventional methods had significant improvement in immune function. Hence, Qigong has encouraging results in many of the progressive and poor prognosis diseases, hence, utilization of Qigong by the health care providers should be supported in quality improvisation.

References:

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[2]. Burini, D., Farabollini, B., Iacucci, S., Rimatori, C., Riccardi, G., Capecci, M. … & Ceravolo, M. G. (2006). A randomised controlled cross-over trial of aerobic training versus Qigong in advanced Parkinson's disease. Europa medicophysica, 42(3), 231-238.

[3]. Cheung, B. M. Y., Lo, J. L. F., Fong, D. Y. T., Chan, M. Y., Wong, S. H. T., Wong, V. C. W., … & Karlberg, J. P. E. (2005). Randomised controlled trial of qigong in the treatment of mild essential hypertension. Journal of human hypertension, 19(9), 697-704.

[4]. Chen, H. H., Yeh, M. L., & Lee, F. Y. (2006).The effects of Baduanjin qigong in the prevention of bone loss for middle-aged women. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 34(05), 741-747.

[5]. Chen, H. H., Yeh, M. L., & Lee, F. Y. (2006).The effects of Baduanjin qigong in the prevention of bone loss for middle-aged women. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 34(05), 741-747.

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[8]. Choi, J. H., Moon, J. S., & Song, R. (2005). Effects of Sun‐style Tai Chi exercise on physical fitness and fall prevention in fall‐prone older adults. Journal of advanced nursing, 51(2), 150-157.

[9]. Freemont, A. J., & Hoyland, J. A. (2007).Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing. The Journal of pathology, 211(2), 252-259.

[10]. Fouladbakhsh, J. M., & Stommel, M. (2010, January).Gender, symptom experience, and use of complementary and alternative medicine practices among cancer survivors in the US cancer population. In Oncology Nursing Forum (Vol. 37, No. 1).

[11]. Gatts, S. K., & Woollacott, M. H. (2006). Neural mechanisms underlying balance improvement with short term Tai Chi training. Aging clinical and experimental research, 18(1), 7-19.

[12]. Galantino, M. L., Shepard, K., Krafft, L., Laperriere, A., Ducette, J., Sorbello, A.,… & Farrar, J. T. (2005). The effect of group aerobic exercise and t'ai chi on functional outcomes and quality of life for persons living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy, 11(6), 1085-1092.

[13]. Gemmell, C., & Leathem, J. M. (2006). A study investigating the effects of Tai Chi Chuan: individuals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls. Brain Injury, 20(2), 151-156.

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[16]. Lee, M. S., Lee, M. S., Choi, E. S., & Chung, H. T. (2003).Effects of Qigong on blood pressure, blood pressure determinants and ventilatory function in middle-aged patients with essential hypertension. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 31(03), 489-497.

[17]. Lee, M. S., Lee, M. S., Kim, H. J., & Choi, E. S. (2004).Effects of qigong on blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipid levels in essential hypertension patients. International Journal of Neuroscience, 114(7), 777-786.

[18]. Li, M., Chen, K., & Mo, Z. (2002).Use of qigong therapy in the detoxification of heroin addicts. Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 8(1), 50.

[19]. Lansinger, B., Larsson, E., Persson, L. C., & Carlsson, J. Y. (2007). Qigong and exercise therapy in patients with long-term neck pain: a prospective randomized trial. Spine, 32(22), 2415-2422.

[20]. Li, F., Fisher, K. J., Harmer, P., & McAuley, E. (2005).Falls self-efficacy as a mediator of fear of falling in an exercise intervention for older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(1), P34-P40.

[21]. Thomas, G. N., Hong, A. W., Tomlinson, B., Lau, E., Lam, C. W., Sanderson, J. E., & Woo, J. (2005). Effects of Tai Chi and resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in elderly Chinese subjects: a 12‐month longitudinal, randomized, controlled intervention study. Clinical endocrinology, 63(6), 663-669.

[22]. Tsang, T., Orr, R., Lam, P., Comino, E. J., & Singh, M. F. (2007). Health benefits of Tai Chi for older patients with type 2 diabetes: The Move It for Diabetes Study''-A randomized controlled trial. Clinical interventions in aging, 2(3), 429.

[23]. Tsang, H. W., Mok, C. K., Au Yeung, Y. T., & Chan, S. Y. (2003). The effect of Qigong on general and psychosocial health of elderly with chronic physical illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(5), 441-449.

[24]. Tsang, H. W., Fung, K. M., Chan, A. S., Lee, G., & Chan, F. (2006).Effect of a qigong exercise programme on elderly with depression. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 21(9), 890-897.

[25]. Wang, C., Roubenoff, R., Lau, J., Kalish, R., Schmid, C. H., Tighiouart, H., … & Hibberd, P. L. (2005). Effect of Tai Chi in adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 44(5), 685-687.

[26]. Wolf, S. L., O'Grady, M., Easley, K. A., Guo, Y., Kressig, R. W., & Kutner, M. (2006).The influence of intense Tai Chi training on physical performance and hemodynamic outcomes in transitionally frail, older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(2), 184-189.

[27]. Yang, Y., Verkuilen, J., Rosengren, K. S., Mariani, R. A., Reed, M., Grubisich, S. A., & Woods, J. A. (2007). Effects of a Taiji and Qigong intervention on the antibody response to influenza vaccine in older adults. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 35(04), 597-607.

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Abstract:

The success of any health care delivery system depends on the value the professionals place on quality of the services given. Nursing practice is a major contributor to the success of the health care system especially if the caring concept is well defined and understood by the providers. The project that was undertaken was intended to awaken a spirit of caring in the identified ward with intentions to create a model care ward.

The method included flouting the old caring strategies that nurses embraced, stimulating them to rethink and identify approaches that could enhance ‘caring’ whilst creating a vibrant working and cooperative team. A consensus building meeting was held where 20 caring behaviours and 35 uncaring behaviours were identified

Keywords: Caring, nursing, professionalism, behaviours, patient.

References:

[1].American Association of Nursing Colleges (2015), Hallmark of quality and patient Safety. Advancing Higher Education in Nursing. One Dupont Circle, NW Suite 530 Washington, DC 20036 http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources

[2].Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2005), Professional Practice Framework. Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. www.anmc.org.au

[3].Baumann, A., et al (2001), Commitment and care: The Benefits of a Health Workplace for Nurses, their patients, and the System. A policy synthesis. Ottawa: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. http://www.nlcahr.mun.ca/dwnlds/CHSRF_2001.pdf

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[5].Craig L, (2012), Exemplary Professional Practice: The Core of a Magnet Organization. Journal of Nursing Administration, volume 14, Issue No 2. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0b013e318243352a http://journals.lww.com/jonajournal/Fulltext/2012/02000/Exemplary_Professional_Practice__The_Core_of_a.4.aspx

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[16]. Valencia College, (2015), Nursing: Organizing Framework. Orlando, Florida http://valenciacollege.edu/west/health/nursing/framework.cfm

Abstract:

Background: Transformational leadership globally plays an important role in the health care system especially patient care by nurses, because performance of the staff nurses link closely to the leadership styles. Now a day’s health care organizations facing shortage of nurses for delivery of evidence base care to patient. Suitable leadership style in nurses can overcome the dearth of qualified and competent nurses as well as fulfill the health care organizations goal. Numerous researchers proven that competent leaders enhance the nurses performance during patient care.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of transformational leadership on nurses’ performance in two tertiary care government hospitals (Jinnah and Children), Lahore Pakistan.

Method:In this study quantitative non-interventional descriptive cross sectional study design was used on n =250 participants from two government hospitals Lahore Pakistan.

Results: The effect of transformational leadership on nurses’ performance was identified positively. Descriptive, Correlation and Regression analysis on SPSS shows significant findings for this study. Finding of regression test shows that transformational leadership has positive effect on nurses’ performance. The values of regression test are 1 as it shows that strong relationship of transformational leadership on nurses’ performance.

Conclusions:This study highlighted that transformational leadership enhance nurses performance so, it is important to prepared and trained the nurses leaders for utilization of transformational leadership style at health care setting for enhancement of nurses performance. Nurses’ knowledge and practice may be enhancingthrough workshop and seminars. Health care organizations may develop mechanism for the improvement of nurses’ performance through transformational leadership style and develop the research based culture.

Keywords: Transformational leadership, Nurses, Nurses performance

References:

[1]. Awases, M. H., Bezuidenhout, M. C., & Roos, J. H. (2013). Factors affecting the performance of professional nurses in Namibia. curationis, 36(1), 1-8.

[2]. Chen, C.-H. V., Yuan, M.-L., Cheng, J.-W., & Seifert, R. (2016). Linking transformational leadership and core self-evaluation to job performance: The mediating role of felt accountability. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 35, 234-246.

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[4]. Doody, O., & Doody, C. M. (2012). Transformational leadership in nursing practice.

[5]. Drenth, J. (2009). The ingredients for a committed workforce.

[6]. Ekaningsih, A. (2014). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Employees' Performance through Intervening Variables of Empowerment, Trust, and Satisfaction (A Study on Coal Companies in East Kalimantan). European Journal Of Business and Management, 6(22).

[7]. Frankel, A. (2015). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop? Nursing, 10, 30.

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[15]. Laschinger, H. K. S., Cummings, G., Leiter, M., Wong, C., MacPhee, M., Ritchie, J. Jeffs, L. (2016). Starting Out: A time-lagged study of new graduate nurses’ transition to practice. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 82-95.

[16]. Li, Y., Cheung, R. Y., & Cummings, E. M. (2015). Marital conflict and emotional insecurity among Chinese adolescents: Cultural value moderation. Journal of Research on Adolescence.

[17]. Mannix, J., Wilkes, L., & Daly, J. (2015). Aesthetic leadership: its place in the clinical nursing world. Issues in mental health nursing, 36(5), 357-361.

[18]. Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894-910.

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Abstract:

Aim: The aim of this article is to identify the risk factors associated with pregnant women from the catchment population not delivering at the facility

Objectives: To reduce number of home deliveries

· To strengthen utilization of maternity services by catchment population

· To sustainably improve the health status of their populations to achieve national and global health targets.

Literature review: According to WHO 2014, Lesotho has a very high maternal and neonatal death rate being 487 deaths/ 100000 and 74 deaths/1000 respectively. This maybe attributed in part to the high rate of home deliveries. The report indicated that home deliveries accounts for 40% of all births in Lesotho and rates are even higher in the rural areas. The latest WHO (2016) report Annex A, global coverage of skilled attendance at birth was estimated to have reached 73% in 2013. However, despite steady improvement globally and within regions, millions of births were not assisted by a midwife, a doctor or a trained nurse. More than 40% of births in the WHO African Region and WHO South-East Asia Region were not attended by skilled health personnel.

2014 Lesotho Demographic Health Survey shows that 8 in 10 deliveries (78%) are assisted by a skilled provider, for the most part, a nurse/midwife (61%). Unskilled persons, such as traditional healers, village health workers, and relatives/friends, assist in 21%; 1% of births receive no assistance. Skilled providers assist at nearly 100% of deliveries in health facilities, but only 7% of deliveries that take place elsewhere. Indicators related to maternal health care have improved as depicted by Lesotho Demographic Health Survey (LDHS) 2014 showing that: “Seventy-seven percent (77%) of live births in the 5 years before the survey took place in a health facility, while 23% were delivered at home. Most institutional deliveries took place at public sector health facilities (70%).

Seboche Hospital catchment area was not an exception to this as it came to the facility observation that few number of local people deliver in the facility hence why the focus of the project was to increase facility based deliveries with local pregnant women. 2016 National projected catchment population for Seboche Hospital for expected deliveries is 431. Monthly the facility is expected to deliver +-36 pregnant mothers.

Keywords: Underutilisation of Maternity Services, Maternal health, Midwives, contributing factors, Interventions, community involvement, Nurse patient relationship, Nurses’ attitude, women empowerment.

References:

[1]. Lesotho Demographic Health Survey 2014

[2]. BMC Pregnancy childbirth 2013. Published online 2013 february 28

[3]. data.unicef.org.> statistics by topic> maternal health updated in June 2016

[4]. SiaLubanje C, Massar K, Hamer DH, Ruiter 2015

Abstract:

This study contributes to knowledge of nurses about communication as it is very vital and the land mark of any organization. Effective communication helps to improve quality of care given to patient and makes continuity in patient care more effective and the communities at large develops confidence in the profession, make early diagnosis easy and promotes the image of the medical field.

The study also emphasizes the important of effective communication between nurses, patients and other healthcare workers during health education as it is vital for client safety, disease prevention, curative and health promotion.

Nurses are also employed to learn good communication skills as lack of guidelines or format may contribute to medical errors as a result of communication problems.

References:

[1]. Adelaide, J.A. (2007): Trends in Communication (1^stEdition), cooperate place, Gwagwalada, Abuja

[2]. Berman, Solyder, Kozier, Erb (2008): Kozier and Erb’s Fundamental of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice, (9^th edition), Australia. Australia; Pearson Education.

[3]. Burns and Groove, (2005): Research Methodology for Health Care Professionals, (4^th edition), London.

[4]. Clark, P.A, (2007): Medical Practices’ Sensitivity to Patient’s Needs, (2^nd edition), Philadelphia

[5]. Lieurouw, L. (2008): Communication Skills and Documentation, Writing, and Communication for Nurses, (4^th edition), Wiltshire.

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Abstract:

Prematurity has continued to be a threat in neonatal care for the developed and developing countries (Reedy, 2007). Complications of premature births account for 11.1% of all neonatal live births, and for one million deaths per year (Blencowe et al, 2013). In the U.S. where many infections and other causes of neonatal death have been markedly reduced, prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality at 12.4% (Grady, 2009; Kent, 2009). To avoid the 116 million deaths and 99 million survivors with disability by 2035, the number of babies whoare small for gestational age (10·4 million in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa in 2010) must be reduced (WHO, 2014).

Prematurity is associated with significant costs in healthcare, even without considering the costs associated with the complications that occur later in life (Gilbert et al 2003). It places increased costs for the institution towards the care and to the affected families. There is a tremendous psychological impact on the mothers/care takers and health care providers due to increased workload especially in the era of understaffing. Generally, the consequences of prematurity have an impact on the general economy of the country.

Prematurely born infants face the risk of developing complications like respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and intraventricular haemorrhage; long term complications include bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity (Jitta and Kyadondo, 2008; Randis, 2008). Existing literature indicate that efforts to address the problem has been put on preparing health care providers in secondary management of preterm labour and care for preterm babies after birth. A midwife being key in the care of women/mothers and their new born babies, there was need to establish the knowledge and practices towards primary prevention of premature births to determine the relevant strategies that can be used to address any gaps and contribute to the reduction of premature births and neonatal deaths in Uganda.

Prevention of premature births can be accomplished through preconception counseling which offers an opportunity to identify clients (women) with high risk factors, initiate therapies like folic acid and other prenatal vitamins, vaccinations, nutritional counseling, and commencement of lifestyle modifications like cessation of smoking and alcohol intake which may improve future obstetric outcomes. Other recommendations include: early prenatal care which serves as the preconception care but also provides an opportunity for physical examination where cervical or uterine abnormalities can be identified and interventions sought early, comprehensive ultrasonography to detect other structural deformities or abnormalities of the fetus or the mother (March of Dimes, 2008).

In Uganda, premature births contribute 31% of the total neonatal deaths. Neonatal mortality rate stands at 22 per 1,000 live births (UNICEF, WHO, UN-Population Division, 2015; Li Liu et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2014), and it is the leading cause of neonatal mortality, followed by asphyxia at 27%. In one of the teaching hospitals in central Uganda, premature births accounted for 49.5% of the monthly admissions at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and an average neonatal mortality of 33% per month (NICU reports for March, April, May, & June, 2010).

References:

[1]. American College of Nurse-Midwives (2003). Standards for the practice of Midwifery. Retrieved from:http://midwife.org/sitefiles/descriptive/Standards_for_Practice_of_Midwifery_2003.pdf

[2]. Blencowe, et al (2013). Born Too Soon: The Global Epidemiology of 15 million Preterm births. BioMed Central 1(1), doi: 10. 1186/1742-4755-10S1-S2

[3]. Furber, M. (2000). An exploration of midwives’ attitudes to health promotion. Journal of Midwifery, 16, 314-322.

[4]. Gilbert, W. M., Nesbitt, T. S., & Danielson, B. (2003). The cost of prematurity: Quantification by gestational age and birth weight. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102, 488-492.

[5]. Gonzaga, M. A., Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Businge, F., & Byanyima, R. (2009). Current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of expectant women toward routine sonography in pregnancy at Naguru health centre, Uganda. Pan African Medical Journal,3(18), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/3/18/pdf/18.pdf

[6]. Grady, D. (2009). Premature births are fueling higher rates of infant mortality in US. Retrieved May 1^st, 2010, from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/health/04infant.html

[7]. Grady, M. A., & Bloom, K. C. (2004). Pregnancy outcomes of adolescents enrolled in a centering pregnancy program. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 49, 412-419.

[8]. Hanson, L., VandeVusse, L., Roberts, J. & Forristal, A. (2009). A critical appraisal of guidelines for antenatal care: components of care and priorities in prenatal education. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 54, 458-468

[9]. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (2009). Health care guideline: Routine prenatal care. Retrieved March 3^rd, 2010, from: www.icsi.org.

[10].Jitta, J., &Kyadondo, D. (2008). Situation analysis of newborn health in Uganda. Kampala: Ministry of Health.

[11].Kent, M. M. (2009). Premature births help explain higher US infant mortality. Retrieved from: http://www.prb.org/Articles/2009/prematurebirths.aspx

[12].Li Liu, et al (2014 October, 1). Global, Regional, and National causes of Child Mortality in 2000–13, with Projections to inform post-2015 Priorities: An Updated Systematic Analysis. The Lancet, 385; 430-440

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[17].Randis, T. M. (2008). Complications Associated with Premature Births. American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 10(10),647-650

[18].Reedy, N. Jo. (2007). Born too soon: The continuing challenge of preterm labor and birth in the United States. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health,52, 281-290.

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http://www.childmortality.org/files_v20/download/igme%20report%202015%20child%20mortality%20final.pdf

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Abstract:

The University College Hospital was established by an Act of Parliament in 1952 in response to the need for the training of medical students following the establishment of a Faculty of Medicine at the University College, Ibadan in 1948.

The physical development was commenced in 1952 and clinical facilities were formally commissioned in November 1957. The naming of the Hospital, appointment of the Chairman of the Provisional Council of the University College Ibadan as the first Chairman of the Board of Management and the provision (physical facilities for students’ from its inception, were ample proof of the functions envisaged for the hospital though primarily concerned with teaching and research with service only at a level to ensure the satisfactory performance of these basic obligations.

The situation changed dramatically with the Nigerian Civil War. The well-regulated processes of referrals from General Practitioners, State Hospitals and Clinics and Selections at the General Out-Patient Clinics (GOPD) were modified with consequences for disproportionate service load.

In the ensuring years, the symbolic relationship between the hospital and the University was a success story not only in the quality of Health Care available and the medical education provided, but also in its research output. By the time the University College Hospital was 30 years old, nearly 10 million patients had been treated there, while thousands of clinical student nurses and midwives, laboratory technologists, radiographers, medical record officers and several cadres of health workers have passed through its portals. At least a quarter of all doctors in practice in Nigeria today trained, researched or taught at Ibadan at one time or other. In addition to the undergraduate medical programme (based in the College of Medicine of the University of Ibadan, the UCH also provides training facilities for:

References:

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to determine awareness of leadership roles in nursing management among nurses of all cadres in Consolata Hospital Nkubu. The study used descriptive cross sectional design, study area being Consolata Hospital Nkubu. The target population was a total of forty seven (47) nurses working in the hospital. Forty seven nurses were interviewed. Inclusion criteria were nurses who have worked at Consolata Hospital Nkubu for more than two months irrespective of the cadre. Census was used owing to the small number of nurses. Questionnaires were use to collect data. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics such as mean, media and percentage to describe results. Presentation of findings was done in form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. All the cadres presented including; Bachelor of Science in nursing, Registered nurses at Diploma level and enrolled nurses at the Certificate level. Majority being registered nurses at Diploma level (58%), the nurses with formal education on leadership roles in nursing were on the lower boundary (15%). On the contrary, most of the respondents stated that they had adequate knowledge on leadership roles in nursing (85%), but had inadequate time to practice due to shortage of time as presented by 79% of the respondents.In conclusion it is evident that there is deficit in the knowledge of leadership roles in Consolata Hospital Nkubu. The researcher concluded there is need for further training of the nurses on leadership roles.

Keywords: Determine, awareness, leadership, roles, nursing, management

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Abstract:

Institutions of higher learning continue to transition from traditional classroom to eLearning, requiring users to develop the technical skills to adapt and cope with the trend. The learning management system (LMS) provides a platform in which are embedded software or computer programs used to create, manage, and deliver education courses and training programs and learning strategies to support eLearning. However, various features of the LMS are underutilized. This capstone project carried out at a university relatively new to LMS and distance education explored the nursing faculty’s behavioral intentions to accept, adopt, and use the LMS for their courses. The project assessed the concepts that are inherent to faculty as they cope with potential changes that are related to their perception and willingness to adopt new technology such as an LMS. Concepts such as technology self-efficacy and emerging informatics, and the application of theory into practice using the technology acceptance model (TAM) were used to frame the boundaries of the project. A quantitative questionnaire guided by constructs from the TAM to assess faculty’s perceived ease of use and usefulness, attitudes towards and behavioral intentions to use, and job relevance was disseminated electronically. The overall findings suggest a positive attitude and willingness of nursing faculty to accept and adopt the LMS. The TAM proved a reliable tool to assess behavioral intentions. A follow up study will be conducted to introduce the LMS use and actual adoption by faculty.

Keywords: learning management system, e-learning platform, technology acceptance model, self-efficacy, behavioral intentions.

References:

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Abstract:

Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects the child’s health and well-being. Childhood obesity has become a global issue and may results in the decrease in the life expectancy. While obesity in children is increasing across the world, minority of children living in urban areas are at higher risk of developing the condition. Due to the rise in obesity prevalence in children and its many adverse health effects it is recognized as a serious public health concern.

This project consists of some short interventions aiming at reducing the obesity in children by educating the caregivers and the rest of the family. The project will be focusing on the interventions that can be implemented in the prevention of continued obesity in children. The purpose of the project is to review the pediatric obesity treatment and with the objectives of determining which treatment can be effective. Though studies I have released that psychotherapy is the primary intervention.

Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are some of hearth problems that affect children negatively, and there is evidence based intervention that can be used by the primary care givers to address the issue of obesity.

Psychotherapy, diet, physical activities and pharmacotherapy are all effective interventions in treating childhood obesity. I have selected this topic from the three blocks which are health assessment, health care delivery policy and quality outcomes and leadership and communication.

Keywords: Obesity, childhood, body mass index, interventions

References:

[1]. Balagopal, P., Bayne, E., Sager, N., Russell, L., Patton, N., & George, D. (2003). Effect of Lifestyle changes on whole body protein turnover in obese adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 27, 1250-1257.

[2]. Barlow, S. E., & Dietz, W. H. (1998). Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations. Pediatrics, 102, e29.

[3]. Carrel, A. L., Clark, R. R., Peterson, S. E., Nemeth, B. A., Sullivan, J., & Allen, D. B. (2005). Improvement of fitness, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight children in a school based exercise program. (Reprinted) Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 963-968.

[4]. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Study estimates medical cost of obesity may be as high as $147 billion annually: New community recommendations show ways to reduce burden. http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2009/r090727.htm

[5]. Dietz W. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatric 1998; 101:518-525

[6]. Rae, G. (2008). Childhood Obesity: Highlights of AMA Expert Committee Recommendations. American Family Physician, 78(1), 56-66.

[7]. Reilly, J.J., Methuen, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., & Kalmar, C.J.H. (2003). Health Consequences of Obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, 748-752.

[8]. Rhodes, E.T., Beveling, C.B., Meyers, A.F., Bayer, C.T., Obi, W.L., Bettencourt, M.F., & Ludwig, D.S. (2007). Pediatric Obesity Management: Variation by Specialty and Awareness of Guidelines. Clinical Pediatrics.

Abstract:

The objective of the study was to assess the breastfeeding practices in rural and urban nursing mothers and to evaluate the determinants of selected key indicators of breastfeeding practices in both rural and urban setting in Lahore, Pakistan. There was a need to assess the breastfeeding practices, so that the appropriate measure could be taken in order to lessen the number of the children experiencing these illnesses. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 370 mothers having up to one year old children Frequencies and percentages were computed. Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by about 40.8% of the mothers. Mostly of them were self motivated. Most of them started breastfeeding on first day. Majority of the females (59.8%) were not giving breastfeeding, mostly of them belong to urban areas and were working females. As per the analysis, it has been found that 98.6% females were from their professional and marital life. Large number of females, living in the urban areas, working for 6-8 hours a day cannot manage breastfeeding along with the work. There is a strong need for the development of policies by the government agencies to allow mothers with infants avail maternity leaves in order to provide exclusive breastfeeding to the children. Since some private organizations do not allow for long maternity leaves. Awareness campaigns should be initiated to provide necessary information about the advantages of breastfeeding and effects of not breastfeeding to the children.

References:

[1]. Aarts, Clara, Kylberg, Elisabeth, Hörnell, Agneta, Hofvander, Yngve, Gebre-Medhin, Mehari, & Greiner, Ted. (2000). How exclusive is exclusive breastfeeding? A comparison of data since birth with current status data. International Journal of epidemiology, 29(6), 1041-1046.

[2]. Amin, M, Matthews, L, Johnson, T, Kilty, L, & Riley, R. (2000). The prevalence of breast-feeding in south Leicestershire. British journal of community nursing, 5(4), 192-196.

[3]. Anjum, Qudsia, Ashfaq, Tabinda, & Siddiqui, Hemna. (2007). Knowledge regarding breastfeeding practices among medical students of Ziauddin University Karachi. JPMA, 57(480).

[4]. Binns, Colin W, Fraser, Michelle L, Lee, Andy H, & Scott, Jane. (2009). Defining exclusive breastfeeding in Australia. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 45(4), 174-180.

[5]. Bland, RM, Rollins, NC, Solarsh, Geoffrey, Van den Broeck, Jan, & Coovadia, HM. (2003). Maternal recall of exclusive breast feeding duration. Archives of disease in childhood, 88(9), 778-783.

[6]. Britton, C, McCormick, FM, Renfrew, MJ, Wade, A, & King, SE. (2007). Support for breastfeeding mothers (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD001141.

[7]. Callen, Jennifer, & Pinelli, Janet. (2004). Incidence and duration of breastfeeding for term infants in Canada, United States, Europe, and Australia: a literature review. Birth, 31(4), 285-292.

Abstract:

Contraceptive use by adolescents has become a critical issue of concern to parents, educators and medical practitioners in recent years because of trends towards more widespread and early sexual activity of adolescents. This leads to devastating consequences of unprotected sexual activity at an early age such as unplanned pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted infection.

The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, practices and beliefs about contraceptives use among secondary schools adolescents in benin city, edo state, Nigeria.. Descriptive cross sectional design using both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for the study. Four hundred students from seven public secondary schools categorised into urban, peri-urban and rural were randomly selected and interviewed.

The result showed that contraceptives awareness level among the students was high but the use among the sexually active students was very low due to ignorance. The television was the main source of knowledge on contraceptive to adolescents. Only 23.3% of the boys and 11% of the girls of the sexually active students who claimed to use contraceptives used them consistently. The male condom was the commonest used method by both sexes. The main reasons given for non-use of contraceptives were ignorance and feeling shy buying contraceptives. There is the need for adolescents to be educated more on their sexuality to increase their awareness of the risks of pregnancy and STIs such as HIV.

Keywords: Contraceptive, Adolescents, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice.

References:

[1]. Blanc, A.K. and Way, A.A. Sexual behaviour and contraceptive knowledge and use among adolescents in developing countries. Studies in Family Planning 1998, 29:106-116.

[2]. Barker, G.K., and Rich, S. Influences on adolescents Sexuality in Nigeria and Kenya: Findings from recent focus group discussions, Studies in Family Planning 1992, 23(3): 199-210

[3]. Cheetham, N. and Salgado A.M. The Facts: Sexual and reproductive health of the youth: a global Snapshot January 2003, Advocates for Youth.

[4]. Clark, S.D. Jr. Zabin L.S. Hardy J.B. Sex, contraception and parenthood: Experience and attitudes among urban black young men. Family Planning Perspectives 1984, 16:77-82.

[5]. Clark, S.D. Jr. Zabin L.S. Hardy J.B. Sex, contraception and parenthood: Experience and attitudes among urban black young men. Family Planning Perspectives 1984, 16:77-82.

[6]. DeLamater, J. and Friedrich, W. Human Sexual Development. Journal of Sex Research 2000; 39:10-14.

[7]. Dotsey Aklorbortu, M. Crude abortion on the rise-Medical staff frightened aboot figures. Saturday Mirror, 2785:3 May 10, 2008.