Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and impact of the introduction of XPERT MTB/RIF test on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in presumptive cases in a General Hospital in Nigeria.

Design and setting: A retrospective study that examines the record of the hospital, from January, 2015 to December, 2017. A logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the associated factors.

Results: There were total of 753 TB cases out of a total of 3639 people investigated. The rate of TB was 0.207. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that TB was significantly associated with all age groups: 15 -24 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.316, 95% CI: 3.299 – 8.566], 25-34 years (OR = 4.584 95% CI: 2.899 – 7.248), 35 -44 years (OR = 4.388, 95% CI: 2.765 - 6.964), 45-54 years (OR = 3.044 95% CI: 1.875 - 4.940), 55 -64 years (OR = 2.165, 95% CI: 1.273 - 3.681) and >64 years (OR = 2.135, 95% CI: 1.201 - 3.793).

HIV positivity (OR = 0.519, 95% CI: 0.411 – 0.655) and unknown HIV status (OR = 0.277, 95% CI: 0.197 – 0.390) and females, (OR = 0.437, 95% CI: 0.368-0.517), were less likely to have TB.

Conclusion: Age group 25-54 is an independent predictor of positive tuberculosis results in presumptive cases.

Keywords: Xpert MTB/RIF, tuberculosis, risk factors, Nigeria.

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