Abstract:

The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) in Chiradzulu district, Malawi. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2016. Using systematic random sampling, secondary data from patients’ records registered at ART and diabetes clinics were extracted. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test, independent samples test was used to compare means and multiple logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the effect of potential risk factors on diabetes. Out of 440 participants (10%) were diabetic. After adjusting for other variables, age, BMI, DM family history, hypertension and WHO stage 2 remained significant predictors of diabetes p<0.05. In addition, use of TDF/3TC/ATV/r was also a strong predictor of diabetes mellitus and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for TDF/3TC/ATV/r users was 6.08, CI [31.82], P=0.032).

The study concluded that diabetes mellitus is a big concern for people on treatment living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, the study recommends that HIV/ART exposed patients should be checked for DM regardless of the absence or presence of the common diabetes’ risk factors. For the sake of planning and implementing targeted routine monitoring, diabetes risk factors need proper identification.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, Antiretroviral therapy, combined antiretroviral therapy, Body mass index, Atazanavir/ ritonavir.

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