Abstract:

The occupational health and safety of academic staff in institutions of higher learning in Ghana has attracted some attention in recent years due to the high numbers of secondary school graduates entering these institutions. This situation undoubtedly threatens the occupational health and safety of Lecturers in Ghana. This study was conducted among academic staff of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, and sought to determine the common hazards affecting them and evaluate the associated risks using the decision matrix risk assessment technique. The study also determined these workers' knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and practices toward occupational health and safety. This cross-sectional study used a combination of techniques, including a survey and an expert evaluation using an observational checklist. There were 360 participants in total. Respondents' scores on knowledge, attitude, awareness, and practices toward occupational health and safety were high. There was a high prevalence of low back pain, neck pain, and stress. The main drivers of stress were the high workload and the inability to take annual leave. Risks of musculoskeletal injuries, voice disorders, stress among academic staff, and fire outbreaks on campus were found to be high. In conclusion, concerns about stress, voice issues, and musculoskeletal disorders seem to be prevalent among academic staff at the University of Cape Coast. Authorities should address the main drivers of occupational health issues identified in this study.

References:

Abstract:

When sterilizing dental restorative materials, autoclaving is essential because it guarantees the removal of potentially hazardous germs and upholds aseptic conditions. This is especially important for pediatric dentistry, where prefabricated zirconia crowns are often used because of their long-lasting and attractive qualities. Autoclaving affects the chemical and physical properties of dental materials in addition to helping to control infections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate effect of repeated autoclave cycles on the color stability of pre-fabricated pediatric zirconia crowns. A total of 30 mandibular molar crowns were used in the in-vitro study. The crowns were divided into two groups according to the brands. Group 1 (Nu-Smile), Group 2 (Kids E Crown). The color stability was measured using a spectrophotometer. Initial color readings are taken for all the 30 samples. After each cycle of sterilization color stability was measured using a spectrophotometer. The color changes in the crowns obtained from the spectrophotometer was analyzed by CEILAB method. It showed the L, A, B values of NU Smile and KIDS E zirconia material crowns during initial, after 1^st and 2^nd cycle of Autoclave. NU Smile value showed increase in value which indicates lightness of material and KIDS E value showed decrease in value which indicated darkness of material. There was no significant difference in the color stability of the crowns after each cycle of autoclave sterilization in both the brands. Additionally, further clinical studies with longer follow-up periods are needed.

References:

Abstract:

Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention for their potential in cancer prevention and treatment. Lutein, a naturally occurring carotenoid found in various fruits and vegetables, has demonstrated promising anti-cancer properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of lutein on the gene expression of TNFα/NF-κB signalling molecules in lung cancer cells. Human lung cancer cells were treated with varying concentrations of lutein, and cell viability assays were conducted to determine any cytotoxic effects of lutein treatment.  The gene expression levels of TNFα, NF-κB, and related signalling molecules were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Result: The outcomes of the research demonstrate that lutein treatment led to a concentration-dependent alteration in cell viability and the expression of genes involved in the TNFα/NF-κB signalling pathway in lung cancer cells. Specifically, a significant downregulation of TNFα and inhibition of NF-κB activation were observed in response to lutein treatment. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lutein exhibited significant anti-tumor effects on the lung cancer cells within the concentrations tested. These findings suggest a potential role for lutein in modulating the TNFα/NF-κB signalling pathway in lung cancer cells, highlighting its potential as an adjunct in lung cancer therapy. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying lutein's effects and to assess its therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical settings.

References:

Abstract:

Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with metastasis being the primary cause of mortality. The intricate molecular mechanisms governing breast cancer progression are critical areas of research, particularly the roles of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). TGF-β signaling, mediated through Smad proteins, is known for its dual role in cancer biology. In the early stages of breast cancer, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. However, in advanced stages, it switches roles to promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. This switch is largely influenced by the tumor microenvironment and the complex cross-talk between TGF-β/Smad signaling and other molecular pathways. One such pathway involves MMPs, a family of zinc-dependent enzymes responsible for degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs facilitate tumor invasion by breaking down ECM barriers, allowing cancer cells to disseminate and establish metastases. TGF-β is known to upregulate MMP expression, thereby enhancing the invasive capabilities of breast cancer cells. The interplay between TGF-β/Smad signalling and MMP activity creates a pro-metastatic environment that not only supports tumor growth but also contributes to therapeutic resistance. Targeting these pathways could offer new therapeutic strategies for managing breast cancer, particularly in combating metastasis and overcoming drug resistance. Understanding the molecular dynamics of TGF-β/Smad signaling and MMPs in breast cancer provides valuable insights into the development of more effective treatments, potentially improving patient outcomes.

References:

Abstract:

In Nigeria, modern family planning (MFP) is a crucial component of reproductive health, however, men’s uptake and support for FP has been dwindled by several factors. There is a critical gap in understanding men’s perceptions, attitudes, and experiences concerning FP practices. This study explored the extent and depth of men's understanding, examined men’s perceptions, experiences and explored the factors hindering men from endorsing or supporting the use of MFP methods. The study employed 8 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs); 64 participants partook in the study. Data was analyzed with NVivo QSR 14. Most were between the ages of 41-50years of age; over 40% had between 3-4 children. High proportion have heard of MFP through with local radio/TV stations. Higher proportion could not concisely define the concept. Negative perceptions and dispositions such as adverse side effects and infertility were reported. Perceptions of its ineffectiveness have cast doubt, making them to express doubts about its effectiveness. Mixed feelings about experience were observed, raising concerns about misuse, improper usage, and disappointing results. Infidelity, side effects, relationship dynamics, inadequate tailored awareness were the hindrances. Participants are quite aware of MFP and its exponential benefits. However, negative experience and resultant factors are inherent in their attitude to use. There is a need for multi-faceted interventions such as rapid community engagement, re-assuring modelling systems to counteract these perceptions.

References:

Abstract:

The study investigates the relationship between caregivers’ preferred mediums of information about immunization and childhood immunization coverage in Zamfara state, Northern Nigeria. Primary data was collected from 200 caregivers from KauraNamoda, Bakura and Gusau local government areas of the state using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and Binary Logistic regression models. The descriptive result shows that most of the caregivers were between the age of 31 and 50 years (70%) with 96 (48%) having secondary school certificate (high school) has their highest level of education, about 98 (49%) and 23 (12%) preferred information from their traditional and religious leaders respectively, while 20 (10%) preferred information through town criers, 40 (20%) preferred information from the State’s Radio stations, , 6 (3%) through test messages, 5 (3%) through health workers, 5 (3%) through family and 2 (1%) through television. Results from Binary Logistic regression also reveal a positive relationship between these preferred mediums of information about immunization and a potential increase of childhood immunization coverage with a positive coefficient (0.91) that is statistically significant at 5% with a P-Value of 2.52%. This shows that people from this place have more believed and respect for their traditional institutions which are the custodian of culture in these places so culture is been respected in these areas. Therefore, there is a need for policy makers to have more collaboration with traditional institutions during implementation of immunization programmes. The study also shows that media especially radio (20%) can also play an important role in disseminating of information on immunization in these communities. So, in implementing a holistic program on immunization traditional institution (traditional leaders, religious leaders and town criers) with local radio stations should be targeted for information dissemination in order to improve immunization coverage in the State.

References:

[1].   Cecilia Vidal Fuertes, Nicole, E., Johns Tracey, S., Goodman, Shirin Heidari, Jean Munro, and Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor, 2022,^*The Association between Childhood Immunization and Gender Inequality: A Multi-Country Ecological Analysis of Zero-Dose DTP Prevalence and DTP3 Immunization Coverage’:Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul; 10(7): 1032. Published online 2022 Jun 27. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071032

[2].   Edwin, L., Anderson Recommended Solutions to the Barriers to Immunization in Children and Adults Mo Med. 2014 Jul-Aug; 111(4): 344–348.

[3].   Orif, 2022, Office of International Religious Freedom, 2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Nigeria: https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/nigeria/

[4].   Adam, D., Mokieldin, A., Bilal, A. A., Hussein, A., Hirsi, M., 2015, SocioEconomic factors influence measles immunization coverage in Shendi and Almatama localities-Sudan. Int. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Sci. 3, 411–414.

[5].   Ejemai, Saye, and Fiammelta, 2022, Gender Inequality and Childhood Immunization in Nigeria. Working paper: Link:Ejemai% 2C + Saye +and+ Fiammelta + %282022 %29%2C&sca_esv=594946161&sxsrf=AM9HkKl3T5rwSHLM5 &sclient=gws-wiz-serp

[6].   Antai, D., 2009, Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis of individual and contextual determinants. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, 181.doi.org/101186/1471-2334-9-181

[7].   Gidado, S., Nguku, P., Biya, O., Waziri, N. E., Mohammed, A., Nsubuga, P., & Sabitu, K., 2014, Determinants of routine immunization coverage in Bungudu, Zamfara state, northern Nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal, 18(1).

[8].   Antai, D., 2012, Gender inequities, relationship power, and childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria: A population-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1(6), 136–145.

[9].   World Health Organization. Explorations of inequality: childhood immunization. Geneva: WHO, 2018

[10].     Oleribe, O., Kumar, V., Awosika-Olumo, A., & Taylor-Robinson, S. D., 2017, Individual and socioeconomic factors associated with childhood immunization coverage in Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal, 26(220). doi: 10.org/.11604/pamj.26.220.11453

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[12].     Abdulraheem, I., Onajole, A., Jimoh, A., Oladipo, A., 2011, Reasons for incomplete vaccination and factors for missed opportunities among rural Nigerian children. J. Public Health Epidemiol. 3, 194–203.

[13].     Tanko Saidu, 2019, ‘Research Methodology’: Published by American Economic Research, U.S.A, P81-95.

[14].     Endurance A. Ophori,^1,2,* Musa Y. Tula,¹ Azuka V. Azih,¹ Rachel Okojie,¹ and Precious E. Ikpo¹ Current Trends of Immunization in Nigeria: Prospect and Challenges Trop Med Health. 2014 Jun; 42(2): 67–75

[15].     Galadima, A. N., Zulkefli, N. A. M., Said, S. M., Ahmad, N., Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. (2021) 21:1475. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11466-5, PMID: [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

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[17].     Dauda Milgwe Madubu, Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Childhood Vaccination Status in Sokoto State, Nigeria, 2021

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[19].     Samuel E. Danso, ^{1 , 2} Augustina Frimpong, ³ Nana A. H. Seneadza, ¹ and Michael F. Ofori  ^{3 , *} Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caregivers on childhood immunization in Okaikoi sub-metro of Accra, Ghana 2023

[20].     Jude N. Tuma, 2000 caregiver attitudes and beliefs associated with compliance to childhood immunization in Bamenda, Cameroon.

Abstract:

Despite the availability of reliable and affordable measles vaccines, Nigeria is still experiencing low vaccination coverage, resulting in high cases of measles and related.se. This study assessed the baseline knowledge and attitude of caregivers towards measles and MCV2 in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Baseline reports of the knowledge and attitudes of caregivers towards measles and MCV2 were obtained from a three-arm, parallel randomized control trial conducted in four health facilities sampled through three-stage multistage sampling technique in Adamawa State. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to 351enrolled caregivers. Mean age of caregivers was 30.7 (SD±6.7); 212 (60.39%) of caregivers had good knowledge of measles and MCV2 and 265 (75.5%) had high level of positive attitude toward measles and MCV2. Major factors statistically associated with good knowledge of measles and MCV2 among caregivers include age (X²=27.1, p-value=<0.001) marital status (X²=37.0, p-value=<0.001) and Family size (X²=15.1, p-value=<0.001). Factors statistically associated with the positive attitude of mothers towards MCV2 include marital status (X²=49.0, p-value=<0.001), religion (X²=73.3.0, p-value=<0.001) and occupation of caregiver (X²=11.1, p-value=<0.049). There is partial understanding of measles and MCV2 among caregivers in Adamawa State; however, there is relatively high level of awareness on measles with high level of positive attitude towards MCV2 among caregivers. Knowledge of caregivers on MCV2 is suboptimal but a good proportion had positive attitude towards measles and MCV2; therefore, the Adamawa State government should develop measures to improve measles vaccination coverage by increasing awareness of MCV2 through monitoring and addressing knowledge gaps on MCV2.

References:

Abstract:

The Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) encompasses several conditions including placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. These conditions are characterized by abnormal placental attachment and invasive growth into the uterine wall, often resulting from defects in the endometrial–myometrial interface and inadequate decidualization at sites of previous uterine scars. This case report highlights the importance of early and proactive intervention with vessel embolization in managing PAS. A 26-year-old female with a history of lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was diagnosed with placenta accreta. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to manage her condition. The patient underwent an elective cesarean section combined with bilateral internal iliac artery embolization. The removal of an invasive placenta is associated with a high risk of massive blood loss during the peripartum period. Prophylactic intraoperative uterine artery embolization (UAE) significantly mitigated this risk by reducing blood loss associated with the removal of the invasive placenta. For patients with placenta accreta who wish to preserve their fertility, UAE is considered a safer and more effective option. The use of UAE as a preventive measure before or during delivery helps manage bleeding complications and supports better outcomes in the management of PAS.

References:

Abstract:

Rutin is a flavonoid compound that is naturally found in many plant-based foods such as citrus fruits, buckwheat, and apples. It has been studied for its potential anti-cancer effects. The aim of the study is to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Rutin by targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR2 signaling pathway in oral cancer cells. To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Rutin we have performed an MTT assay. A phase contrast microscope is used to evaluate changes in cell morphology. A scratch wound healing assay was performed to evaluate anti-migrative potential of rutin. Gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time PCR to determine the levels of CXCL-8/CXCR2 signalling molecules. In our study, the exposure of oral cancer cells to rutin led to a notable decrease in cell viability, with a statistically significant difference observed (p < 0.05) between the control and treatment groups. The inhibitory concentration (IC-50) was determined to be 80 μg/ml for oral cancer cells. Post-treatment, a reduced number of cells were observed, exhibiting shrinkage and cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. The investigation indicated a significant downregulation of CXCL-8/CXCR2 mRNA expression following rutin treatment. Additionally, the migration of cells was significantly reduced compared to control cells. The results demonstrated that the Rutin was cytotoxic and inhibited cell migration by targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR2 signaling molecules gene expression in oral cancer cells. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of the anti-cancer potential of this Rutin, by targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR2 signaling pathway might help to treat cancer.

References:

Abstract:

This study aimed to optimize and characterize Idronoxil-loaded Polycaprolactone nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system for cancer therapy, focusing on improving particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and stability using a factorial design approach. Nanoparticles were synthesized via the ionic gelation method and optimized based on PCL concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, and organic phase volume. Characterization included particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, morphology (SEM), FT-IR analysis, in vitro drug release, and stability testing. Cytotoxicity was assessed against HepG2 liver cancer cells using the MTT assay. The optimized formulation exhibited a particle size of 97.3 nm, a zeta potential of -6.41 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 82.07%, ensuring stability and uniform dispersion. FT-IR confirmed the compatibility of Idronoxil with PCL. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a controlled and sustained release profile driven by diffusion and polymer degradation, enhancing therapeutic potential. Stability testing over 90 days at 40°C±5°C validated the nanoparticles' robustness, with minimal variations in drug content and release profiles. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated a significant dose-dependent anticancer effect on HepG2 cells, with an IC50 concentration of 19.33 µg/mL, suggesting efficient cellular uptake and potential for therapeutic use. The Idronoxil-loaded PCL nanoparticles showed excellent stability, controlled drug release, and potent anticancer activity, highlighting their potential as an effective drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Future research should focus on in vivo studies and clinical validation to establish their efficacy and safety in therapeutic applications.

References:

[1]. Volk, M. L., Marrero, J. A., 2008, Early detection of liver cancer: Diagnosis and management, Current Gastroenterology Reports, 10(1), 60-6.

[2]. Tsai, W. C., Kung, P. T., Wang, Y. H., Kuo, W. Y., Li, Y. H., 2018, Influence of the time interval from diagnosis to treatment on survival for early-stage liver cancer, PLoS ONE, 13(6), e0199532.

[3]. Paramasivam, G., Sanmugam, A., Palem, V. V., Sevanan, M., Sairam, A. B., Nachiappan, N., Youn, B., Lee, J. S., Nallal, M., Park, K. H., 2024, Nanomaterials for detection of biomolecules and delivering therapeutic agents in theragnosis: A review, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 254, 127904.

[4]. Barabadi, H., Mostafavi, E., Saravanan, M. (Eds.), 2022, Pharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology for Targeted Therapy, Springer International Publishing AG.

[5]. Mir, S. A., Dar, A., Hamid, L., Nisar, N., Malik, J. A., Ali, T., Bader, G. N., 2023, Flavonoids as promising molecules in cancer therapy: An insight, Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, 100167.

[6]. Porter, K., Fairlie, W. D., Laczka, O., Delebecque, F., Wilkinson, J., 2020, Idronoxil as an anticancer agent: Activity and mechanisms, Current Cancer Drug Targets, 20(5), 341-54.

[7]. Bhadran, A., Shah, T., Babanyinah, G. K., Polara, H., Taslimy, S., Biewer, M. C., Stefan, M. C., 2023, Recent advances in polycaprolactones for anticancer drug delivery, Pharmaceutics, 15(7), 1977.

[8]. Bhardwaj, H., Jangde, R. K., 2023, Current updated review on preparation of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical applications, Next Nanotechnology, 2, 100013.

[9]. Rohatgi, N., Ganapathy, D., Sathishkumar, P., 2023, Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using quercetin-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles incorporated in the electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold, Microbial Pathogenesis, 185, 106453.

[10]. Pedroso-Santana, S., Fleitas-Salazar, N., 2020, Ionotropic gelation method in the synthesis of nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical purposes, Polymer International, 69(5), 443-7.

[11]. Haroosh, H. J., Dong, Y., Jasim, S., Ramakrishna, S., 2021, Improvement of drug release and compatibility between hydrophilic drugs and hydrophobic nanofibrous composites, Materials, 14(18), 5344.

[12]. Alkammash, N. M., 2017, Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Artemisia Sieberi and Calotropis Procera medical plant extracts and their characterization using SEM analysis, Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 14(2), 521-6.

[13]. Reddy, Y. P., Chandrasekhar, K. B., Sadiq, M. J., 2015, A study of Nigella sativa induced growth inhibition of MCF and HepG2 cell lines: An anti-neoplastic study along with its mechanism of action, Pharmacognosy Research, 7(2), 193.

[14]. Ghasemi, M., Turnbull, T., Sebastian, S., Kempson, I., 2021, The MTT assay: Utility, limitations, pitfalls, and interpretation in bulk and single-cell analysis, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), 12827.

[15]. Nga, N. T., Ngoc, T. T., Trinh, N. T., Thuoc, T. L., Thao, D. T., 2020, Optimization and application of MTT assay in determining density of suspension cells, Analytical Biochemistry, 610, 113937.

[16]. Kessaissia, F. Z., Zegaoui, A., Aillerie, M., Arab, M., Boutoubat, M., Fares, C., 2020, Factorial design and response surface optimization for modeling photovoltaic module parameters, Energy Reports, 6, 299-309.

[17]. Tkachenko, Y., Niedzielski, P., 2022, FTIR as a method for qualitative assessment of solid samples in geochemical research: A review, Molecules, 27(24), 8846.

[18]. Budiman, A., Handini, A. L., Muslimah, M. N., Nurani, N. V., Laelasari, E., Kurniawansyah, I. S., Aulifa, D. L., 2023, Amorphous solid dispersion as drug delivery vehicles in cancer, Polymers, 15(16), 3380.

[19]. Qiu, X. L., Fan, Z. R., Liu, Y. Y., Wang, D. F., Wang, S. X., Li, C. X., 2021, Preparation and evaluation of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with heparin phospholipid complex, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), 4077.

[20]. Danaei, M. R., Dehghankhold, M., Ataei, S., Hasanzadeh Davarani, F., Javanmard, R., Dokhani, A., Khorasani, S., Mozafari, M. R., 2018, Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems, Pharmaceutics, 10(2), 57.

[21]. Agrawal, M., Saraf, S., Pradhan, M., Patel, R. J., Singhvi, G., Alexander, A., 2021, Design and optimization of curcumin-loaded nano lipid carrier system using Box-Behnken design, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 141, 111919.

[22]. Tantra, R., Schulze, P., Quincey, P., 2010, Effect of nanoparticle concentration on zeta-potential measurement results and reproducibility, Particuology, 8(3), 279-85.

[23]. Mohamed, R. M., Yusoh, K., 2016, A review on the recent research of polycaprolactone (PCL), Advanced Materials Research, 1134, 249-55.

[24]. Mehmood, A., Raina, N., Phakeenuya, V., Wonganu, B., Cheenkachorn, K., 2023, The current status and market trend of polylactic acid as biopolymer: Awareness and needs for sustainable development, Materials Today: Proceedings, 72, 3049-55.

[25]. Bai, X., Smith, Z. L., Wang, Y., Butterworth, S., Tirella, A., 2022, Sustained drug release from smart nanoparticles in cancer therapy: A comprehensive review, Micromachines, 13(10), 1623.

[26]. Augustine, R., Hasan, A., Primavera, R., Wilson, R. J., Thakor, A. S., Kevadiya, B. D., 2020, Cellular uptake and retention of nanoparticles: Insights on particle properties and interaction with cellular components, Materials Today Communications, 25, 101692.

Abstract:

Hypertension, commonly called high blood pressure, is a widespread and chronic medical condition marked by persistently elevated arterial pressure, defined as readings of 140/90 mmHg or above. This health issue represents a significant public health challenge, particularly in India, where a considerable number of young people are affected yet remain largely unaware of their condition. Studies reveal that around 75% of young individuals diagnosed with hypertension do not pursue medical assistance, which can lead to severe health complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke and renal failure. The prevailing lack of awareness and timely intervention intensifies the problem, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive strategies aimed at prevention and management. Such strategies should include lifestyle changes, such as adopting a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity and implementing stress reduction techniques in addition to focused educational programs to enhance awareness. Moreover, public health initiatives that promote early detection and community-oriented healthcare services are essential in reducing the risks associated with hypertension. Effectively tackling hypertension necessitates a holistic approach that integrates personal accountability with supportive healthcare policies, ultimately aiding in the decrease of morbidity and mortality linked to this insidious condition in India.

References:

[1]. Ramamurthy Gopalasamy, K., Ramamurthy, J., Pradeep, D., 2020, Correlation Between Diabetes and Hypertension in Patients with Periodontitis-A Retrospective Study, Ann Trop Med & Public Health, 23(S22), SP232319.

[2]. Nandhini, J. S. T., Antony, S. D. P., & Sandeep, A. H., 2023, Patient on Antihypertensives Drug and Presence of Dental Caries, Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(1S), 554–563.

[3]. Falkner, B., Gidding, S. S., Baker-Smith, C. M., Brady, T. M., Flynn, J. T., Malle, L. M., South, A. M., Tran, A. H., & Urbina, E. M., 2023, Pediatric primary hypertension: an underrecognized condition: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension, 80(6), e101–e111.

[4]. Karunarathna, I., Kusumarathna, K., Jayathilaka, P., & Withanage, C., 2024, Comprehensive Management of Hypertension: Strategies, Guidelines, and Emerging Therapies. Uva Clinical Lab. Retrieved from Comprehensive Management of Hypertension: Strategies, Guidelines, and Emerging Therapies.

[5]. Mohammad, R., & Bansod, D. W., 2024, Hypertension in India: a gender-based study of prevalence and associated risk factors. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2681.

[6]. Gupta, R., Maheshwari, A., Verma, N., Narasingan, S. N., Tripathi, K., & Joshi, S., 2023, InSH Consensus Guideline for the Management of Hypertension, 2023. Hypertension Journal, 9(3), 57–132.

[7]. Sahadevan, P., Sasidharan, A., Bagepally, B. S., Pal, A., Kumari, D., Kaur, P., Murhekar, M., & Kamal, V. K., 2023, Prevalence and risk factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension among adults aged 15–49 in India: insights from NFHS-5 national survey.

[8]. García-Sánchez, A., Gómez-Hermosillo, L., Casillas-Moreno, J., Pacheco-Moisés, F., Campos-Bayardo, T. I., Román-Rojas, D., & Miranda-Díaz, A. G., 2023, Prevalence of hypertension and obesity: Profile of mitochondrial function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Antioxidants, 12(1), 165.

[9]. Boateng, E. B., & Ampofo, A. G., 2023, A glimpse into the future: modelling global prevalence of hypertension. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1906.

[10]. Santhosh Kumar, M. P., 2021, Prevalence of Coexisting Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Among Dental Patients in South Indian Population. International Journal of Clinical Dentistry. International Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 14(3).

[11]. Sivasakthi, S., Perumalsamy, S., Jagadeeswaran, D., & Ganapathy, D., 2024, Awareness of Hypertensive Crisis among Allied Health Science Students. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 579–584.

[12]. Nivethitha, R., Ganapathy, D., & Saravana Dinesh, S. P., 2020, Prevalence of Hypertension in Completely Edentulous Patients. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(4).

[13]. Ojangba, T., Boamah, S., Miao, Y., Guo, X., Fen, Y., Agboyibor, C., Yuan, J., & Dong, W., 2023, Comprehensive effects of lifestyle reform, adherence, and related factors on hypertension control: A review. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 25(6), 509–520.

[14]. Mukherjee, A. G., Wanjari, U. R., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Bradu, P., Sukumar, A., Patil, M., Renu, K., Dey, A., Vellingiri, B., George, A., & Ganesan, R., 2023, Implications of cancer stem cells in diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Life Sciences, 312, 121211. 

[15]. Roy, R. J., Janaki, C. S., Jayaraman, S., Periyasamy, V., Balaji, T., Vijayamalathi, M., Veeraraghavan, V. P., Krishnamoorthy, K., & Prasad, M., 2023, Carica papaya reduces high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced development of inflammation in adipocyte via IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α mediated signaling mechanisms in type-2 diabetic rats. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(2), 852-884. 

[16]. Kim, J., Mobbs, R., & Di Ieva, A., 2020, Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and clinical considerations of systemic arterial hypertension. Hypertension Journal, 6(3), 117–124.

[17]. Cao, Y., Jing, H., Ge, C., & Gao, Y., 2023, Hypertension Identification and Classification Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks and Support Vector Machines. 2023 3rd International Conference on Computer Science, Electronic Information Engineering and Intelligent Control Technology (CEI), 290–295.

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Abstract:

The concept of a tertiary gender, encompassing non-binary, transgender, and gender-nonconforming identities, has attracted increased scholarly attention and public discourse. This systematic review seeks to synthesise the existing body of knowledge regarding the socio-economic, psychological, and healthcare challenges faced by individuals who identify as tertiary gender. The review evaluates 33 academic articles across diverse cultural settings, including India, Pakistan, and the United States, illuminating persistent issues such as stigma, discrimination, legal disenfranchisement, and inadequate healthcare provisions. Mental health concerns, such as heightened instances of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, are prevalent among individuals of the third gender, primarily due to social alienation and marginalisation. The review underscores the critical necessity for inclusive methodologies, encompassing gender-affirming healthcare, mental health support, and legal acknowledgement, to foster social inclusion and improve the overall quality of life for individuals identifying as third gender. The thematic analysis reveals enduring socio-economic disadvantages, including limited employment opportunities and barriers to educational access, compounded by cultural and religious marginalization. The Social Support Systems Model (SSSM) articulated in the study emphasizes the importance of familial, communal, peer, and religious support in enhancing the well-being of individuals within the third gender category. This research highlights gaps in the current literature and proposes new directions for future inquiries, providing a comprehensive framework for developing strategies to mitigate the socio-cultural and psychological challenges faced by this marginalized demographic.

References:

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Abstract:

A child's parents serve as their initial source of one-on-one mentoring. Indirect components of schooling are the parents' attitude, outlook, and style of living, which naturally permeate the developing child's identity. Sometimes, since they are preoccupied with their jobs, parents neglect their duty to monitor their kids' growth. Materials are frequently the cause of parents leaving their kids at home while they work. The purpose of this study is to examine how parenting styles and views toward the growth of young children (ages 1-3 years) relate to each other. The study's cross-sectional methodology involved selecting 60 parents whose children ranged in age from one to three years. In this investigation, basic random sampling was the sample method employed. Data on the growth, upbringing, and attitudes of children between the ages of one and three years were gathered using a parenting style and attitude questionnaire. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were assessed before to its implementation. The collected data was examined using the Chi-Square Test. Results: 451.494 > Chi-Square table with p<0.05 was the Chi-Square count in parenting and children's growth from one to three years old: a Chi-Square test. Comparatively, the findings of the Chi-Square test indicate a relationship between parental attitudes and the developmental trajectory of children aged one to three. that the Chi-Square value is 270.388 > Chi-Square table with p<0.05. The study comes to the conclusion that parenting, parental views, and there is a strong correlation between the growth of kids between the ages of 1-3 years.

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Abstract:

Phyco-oxyapatite, a novel form of hydroxyapatite (HAp), is derived from marine seaweed and holds immense potential in the fields of regenerative medicine and dentistry. Traditionally, HAp, a major component of bone and teeth, has been sourced from bovine bones. However, ethical concerns and the risk of disease transmission have prompted the exploration of alternative sources. Seaweed, particularly from the Indian coastal region, provides a sustainable and safer source of HAp. In this study, Halimeda sp., a calcareous seaweed, collected, processed, and chemically treated to extract phyco-oxyapatite. The material was characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD techniques to confirm its morphology and elemental composition. In vivo studies on zebrafish (Danio rerio) demonstrated that phyco-oxyapatite derived from seaweed significantly enhanced caudal fin regeneration compared to control. The von Kossa staining further confirmed enhanced mineralization in treated zebrafish. These results suggest that phyco-oxyapatite is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering, offering superior regenerative capabilities compared to conventional sources of HAp. Future research should focus on the material’s application in clinical settings and its long-term performance in human bone regeneration. The study highlights the potential of seaweed-derived hydroxyapatite in transforming the landscape of biomaterials and regenerative medicine.

References:

1. Zhang, X., Vecchio, K. S., 2019, Creation of dense hydroxyapatite (synthetic bone) by hydrothermal conversion of seashells. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 26(8), 1445-1450.

2. Vecchio, K. S., Zhang, X., Massie, J. B., et al., 2018, Conversion of bulk seashells to biocompatible hydroxyapatite for bone implants. Acta Biomaterialia, 3(6), 910-918.

3. Kim, S. K., Mendis, E., 2020, Bioactive compounds from marine processing byproducts - A review. Food Research International, 39(4), 383-393.

4. Surmenev, R. A., Surmeneva, M. A., Ivanova, A. A., 2019, Significance of calcium phosphate coatings for the enhancement of new bone osteogenesis - A review. Acta Biomaterialia, 10(2), 557-579.

5. Walsh, P. J., Buchanan, F. J., Dring, M., et al., 2018, Low-pressure synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite derived from mineralize red algae. Chemical Engineering Journal, 137(1), 173-179.

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7. Roy, D. M., Linnehan, S. K., 2017, Hydroxyapatite formed from coral skeletal carbonate by hydrothermal exchange. Nature, 247, 220-222.

8. Venkatesan, J., Kim, S. K., 2019. Marine biomaterials: Characterization, isolation and applications. CRC Press. 

9. Ramos, A. P., Neves, M. C., Reis, R. L., 2020, Hydroxyapatite derived from marine sources - A review. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 31(7), 1123-1134.

10. Lee, S. H., Kim, Y. J., Park, K., et al., 2018, Bioactive and mechanical properties of bioceramics derived from marine algae. Biomaterials Research, 22, 15.

11. Choi, A. H., Ben-Nissan B., 2019, Marine-derived biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Marine Drugs, 17(5), 310.

12. González-Díaz, E., Varghese, S., 2020, Calcium phosphates as scaffolding materials in bone tissue engineering. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 8(22), 4733-4749.

13. Boutinguiza, M., Pou, J., Comesaña, R., et al., 2019, Biological hydroxyapatite obtained from fish bones. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 32(3), 478-486.

14. Kim, S. K., 2018, Marine Biomaterials: Characterization, Isolation and Applications. CRC Press.

15. Oliveira, J. M., Silva, S. S., Reis, R. L., 2019, Marine-derived bioactive materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 7(10), 1748-1766.

16. García-González, C. A., Concheiro, A., Alvarez-Lorenzo, C., 2018, Processing of materials for regenerative medicine using supercritical fluid technology. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 26(7), 1159-1171.

17. Felicio-Fernandes, G., Laranjeira, M. P., 2020, Calcium phosphate biomaterials from marine algae: Synthesis and characterization. Quimica Nova, 23(4), 441-446.

18. Zakaria, S. M., Sharif Zein, S. H., Othman, M. R., et al., 2019, Nanophase hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial in advanced hard tissue engineering: A review. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 19(5), 431-441.

19. Silva, T. H., Alves, A., Ferreira, B. M., et al., 2020, Materials of marine origin: A review on polymers and ceramics of biomedical interest. International Materials Reviews, 57(5), 276-306.

20. Wu, S., Liu, X., Yeung, K. W., et al., 2019, Biomimetic porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 80, 1-36.

21. Mondal, S., Dorozhkin, S. V., Pal, U., 2018, Recent progress on fabrication and drug delivery applications of nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 10(4), e1504.

22. Šupová, M., 2019, Problem of hydroxyapatite dispersion in polymer matrices: A review. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 20(6), 1201-1213.

23. Kim, H. M., 2019, Bioactive ceramics: Challenges and perspectives. Journal of Ceramic Society of Japan, 119(1387), 134-142.

24. Bose, S., Tarafder, S., 2020, Calcium phosphate ceramic systems in growth factor and drug delivery for bone tissue engineering: A review. Acta Biomaterialia, 8(4), 1401-1421.

25. Dembitsky, V. M., Maoka, T., 2018, Allenic and cumulenic lipids. Progress in Lipid Research, 46(6), 328-375.

26. Wang, J., Shaw, L. L., 2019, Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with simultaneous enhancements in hardness and toughness. Biomaterials, 30(34), 6565-6572.

27. Venkatesan, J., Bhatnagar, I., Manivasagan, P., et al., 2018, Alginate composites for bone tissue engineering: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 72, 269-281.

28. Tampieri, A., Sprio, S., Sandri, M., Valentini, F., 2019, Mimicking natural bio-mineralization processes: A new tool for osteochondral scaffold development. Trends in Biotechnology, 29(10), 526-535.

29. Rezwan, K., Chen, Q. Z., Blaker, J. J., Boccaccini, A. R., 2020, Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 27(18), 3413-3431.

30. Shepherd, J. H., Shepherd, D. V., Best, S. M., 2020, Substituted hydroxyapatites for bone repair. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 23(10), 2335-2347.

Abstract:

The study examined the relationship between occupational health and safety (OHS) leadership at the organizational level and OHS performance in Botswana’s construction industry. It aimed to assess how leadership influences workplace safety. Data was collected using surveys and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data was gathered from construction employees in Gaborone through simple random sampling, while purposive sampling was used to select SHE officers for qualitative insights. Findings revealed that most respondents were laborers (28%), followed by bricklayers (18%), electricians (11.5%), and painters (10%). The majority were aged 21–30 years (38%), while 60% had less than five years of experience. Over 75% of respondents agreed that workplace leadership fosters an inclusive environment where opinions are valued. They believed leaders prioritize employee collaboration, identify hazards, and promote safety by communicating expectations, allocating resources, and fostering a strong safety culture. However, qualitative findings contrasted this view, indicating that leadership in Botswana’s construction industry does not consistently prioritize OHS. Some leaders fail to engage with employees or address workplace hazards effectively. The study highlighted the weak commitment to safety culture, characterized by ineffective communication, insufficient resource allocation, and minimal collaboration with OHS committees. This discrepancy between employee perceptions and qualitative findings suggests that while some leaders demonstrate commitment to safety, others treat it as a compliance requirement rather than a proactive measure. Strengthening leadership engagement and resource allocation is crucial for improving workplace safety standards and ensuring a safer construction industry in Botswana.

References:

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[15]. Amir, L. R., Tanti, I., Maharani, D. A., Wimardhani, Y. S., Julia, V., Sulijaya, B., & Puspitawati, R., 2020, Student perspective of classroom and distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the undergraduate dental study program Universitas Indonesia. BMC Medical Education, 20, 1-8.

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Abstract:

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the foot and ankle are uncommon neoplasms associated with a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. These tumors are often treated with amputation, yet the impact of this approach on patient outcomes remains unclear. The purpose of this review was to assess the risks associated with (1) disease-related death, (2) local recurrence, (3) metastasis, and (4) whether the type of surgery—amputation versus limb-sparing—affects disease-related survival. Historically, sarcomas of the foot and ankle have been treated with amputation due to the challenges in managing localized disease and preserving functional foot structure. However, the potential for limb preservation may be further complicated by unanticipated surgical excisions.

References:

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Abstract:

This study assessed healthcare providers' knowledge and attitudes towards the National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria (NGDTM) in Benue State, Nigeria, evaluate the accessibility of these guidelines within healthcare facilities, explore their application in preventive measures for managing severe malaria among children under five, and identify effective strategies to enhance adherence to NGDTM. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with healthcare providers across various facilities to gather insights into their experiences and perceptions regarding NGDTM. The thematic analysis revealed several key findings. Participants exhibited a strong awareness and positive attitudes towards NGDTM, acknowledging its effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. However, challenges related to the accessibility of NGDTM materials were evident, as many providers reported limited availability of updated copies and inadequate training on guideline utilization. Additionally, while some facilities implemented preventive measures like indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed net distribution, resource constraints hindered consistent adherence. The implications of these findings underscored the necessity for improved access to NGDTM resources and enhanced training programs for healthcare providers. To address these challenges, the study recommended the establishment of regular, tailored training sessions and the integration of technology to facilitate real-time access to guidelines. Furthermore, fostering a supportive organizational culture that prioritizes adherence to NGDTM could significantly enhance malaria management efforts, particularly in protecting vulnerable populations such as children under five.

References:

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[2]. Gueye, S. C., Newby, G., Gosling, R. D., Whittaker, M. A., Chandramohan, D., Slutsker, L., & Tanner, M. 2016. Strategies and approaches to vector control in nine malaria-eliminating countries: a cross-case study analysis. Malaria Journal, 15, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1054-z

[3]. Adaji, T. M., 2024. Use of national guidelines in the treatment of severe malaria: A retrospective study of severe malaria management in under 5s in Benue State. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 12(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJPH.2013.12.02.Art018

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[5]. Oyefabi, A., Awaje, M., Usman, N. O., Sunday, J., Kure, S., & Hammad, S., 2023. Knowledge and Compliance with Malaria National Treatment Guidelines among Primary Health Care Workers in a Rural Area in Northern Nigeria. West African journal of medicine, 40(5), 469–475.

[6]. Nwaneri, D. U., Sadoh, A. E., & Ibadin, M. O. 2020. Assessment of Use of National Guidelines for Malaria Case Management among Pediatric Resident Doctors Attending an Update Course in Benin City, Nigeria. Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 61(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_72_19

[7]. Argaw, M. D., Mavundla, T. R., Gidebo, K. D., Desta, B. F., Damte, H. D., Mebratu, W., Edossa, W., Dillu, D., Mitiku, A. D., &Desale, A. Y., 2022. Adherence of healthcare providers to malaria case management guidelines of the formal private sector in north-western Ethiopia: an implication for malaria control and elimination. Malaria Journal, 21(1), 347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04379-0

[8]. Omale U. I., 2021. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria among medical doctors in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey. PLOS One, 16(9), e0257600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257600

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[13]. Hemingway, J., Ranson, H., Magill, A., Kolaczinski, J., Fornadel, C., Gimnig, J., Coetzee, M., Simard, F., Roch, D. K., Hinzoumbe, C. K., Pickett, J., Schellenberg, D., Gething, P., Hoppé, M., & Hamon, N., 2016. Averting a malaria disaster: will insecticide resistance derail malaria control?. Lancet (London, England), 387(10029), 1785–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00417-1

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[32]. Oyefabi, A., Awaje, M., Usman, N. O., Sunday, J., Kure, S., & Hammad, S., 2023. Knowledge and Compliance with Malaria National Treatment Guidelines among Primary Health Care Workers in a Rural Area in Northern Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine, 40(5), 469–475.

[33]. Bilal, A. J., Gasim I. Gasim., Mohamed T Abdien., Khalid A Elmardi., Elfatih M Malik., & Ishag Adam., 2015. Poor adherence to the malaria management protocol among health workers attending under-five year old febrile children at Omdurman Hospital, Sudan. Malaria Journal, 14, 34.

[34]. Moffitt, C. A., Olupot-Olupot, P., Onen, J. W., & O’Brien, N., 2023. Adherence to severe malaria treatment guidelines in children at a Ugandan regional hospital: a baseline assessment for a malaria treatment quality improvement project. Malaria Journal, 22, 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04507-4

[35]. Akpan, U., Edet, E., Arogundade, K., Akpanika, C., Ekott, M., & Etuk, S., 2023. Implementation of the Revised National Malaria Control Guidelines: Compliance and Challenges in Public Health Facilities in a Southern Nigerian State. Health Services Insights, 16, 1–8.

Abstract:

Children's lives have been profoundly changed by the explosion of digital technology, but it has also brought forth new dangers including crimes involving online sexual exploitation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of parental awareness and understanding regarding the risks of online sexual exploitation of children. Seven respondents with children under the age of eighteen who lived in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, participated in in-depth interviews for this qualitative study. The results show that although the majority of parents are aware of the dangers of sexual crimes committed online, they still don't fully comprehend the types of digital crimes. Without actively seeking to expand their knowledge, most parents obtain information from government websites such as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH). This study highlights the necessity of raising parental awareness through digitally adapted teaching platforms. This information is essential for prevention as well as for public health initiatives that safeguard the mental and emotional health of kids who are at risk of being sexually exploited online. Parents who receive digital literacy training can identify early indicators of online sexual abuse and offer victims early support. To fully address this issue, this study also recommends a cooperative strategy encompassing communities, family institutions, and the government.

References:

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[16]. Rahman, S., Lim, W. J., & Yusoff, H., 2022, The role of education in preventing online sexual abuse: A Malaysian perspective. Southeast Asian Journal of Child Safety.

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[18]. Wahab, N. A., & Zulkifli, N., 2023, Eksploitasi Kanak-Kanak Dalam Talian: Analisis Terhadap Perlindungan, Remedi Dan Penguatkuasaan Undang-Undang Di Malaysia. E-Prosiding Persidangan Antarabangsa Sains Sosial & Kemanusiaan Kali Ke-8 (PASAK8), 1744-1756.

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Abstract:

People living with HIV (PLHIV) often face stigma and discrimination in health care settings, significantly impacting their self-esteem and treatment adherence, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the professional competence, and knowledge of health care workers about HIV. It also explored their attitudes and practices regarding stigmatization and discrimination against PLHIV. A cross-sectional survey using structured questionnaires was conducted, with data analyzed manually via Excel. Among the 195 respondents, 37% were aged 36–45, and 28.5% were 26–35 years old. Respondents included nurses (35%), doctors (18%), and medical records staff (20%). Findings revealed a high stigma prevalence, with 62% believing PLHIV should feel ashamed and 90% unwilling to provide services to men who have sex with men if given a choice. While 60% agreed that adequate infection prevention supplies were available, 51% still feared infection from touching PLHIV clothing. Alarmingly, 97% had not received training on addressing stigma and discrimination. The study recommends a health promotion multi-sectoral approach to combat stigma and discrimination in health facilities. Regular training and retraining of health workers on HIV prevention, infection control, and stigma reduction are essential to improve care for PLHIV.

References:

[1]. Adeokun, L. A., Okonkwo, P., and O. Ladipo, 2006, “The stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS,” in AIDS in Nigeria: A Nation on the Threshold, O. Adeyi, Ed., Harvard University Press, Boston, Mass, USA.

[2]. Adeoye, R. A., Garba, S. A, Galadima, M., Ossamulu, I. F., and Ariyeloye, S. D., 2019, Prevalence of HIV among women attending selected hospitals in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 70-76.

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[7]. Faruk, N. K., Hawke, K., Nwanri, I., and Ward, P. R., 2021, Healthcare Workers Attitude and Stigma among People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA): A Literature Review. Journal of Health and Caring Sciences 2(2):150-166.

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[27]. Vorasane, S., jimba, M., Kikuchi, K., Yasuoka, J., Nanishi, K., Durham, J., and Sychareum, V., 2017, An investigation of stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS by doctors and nurses in Vientiane, Lao PDR. BMC Health Services Research. Vol. 17, No. 17.

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Abstract:

The rapid expansion of the ageing population is accompanied by an increasing prevalence of multimorbidity linked with a decline in quality of life, functional disturbances and reduction as well as increased frequency of hospital visits. Literature reveals that to have successful outcomes, self-management is encouraged. Self-management in this study is defined as, “taking personal responsibility to carry out those activities that promote and maintain self-health and well-being”. This study aims to uncover the unmet support needs for self-management in elderly patients with multimorbidity through this qualitative study that used the interpretive phenomenological design. It was carried out in the largest referral hospital, the University Teaching Hospitals - Adult Hospital, which was purposely sampled to give divergent perspectives from patients across the nation. Thirty (30) elderly patients 60 years of age and older with multimorbidity who were seeking treatment at the hospital during the study were purposefully selected to participate. Data was gathered using the in-depth interview guide in audio-recorded in-person interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) which saw three superordinate themes encompassing the need for a responsive healthcare delivery system, a well-functioning socioeconomic system, and social support networks. These systems, working together or independently can help multimorbidity patients focus on self-management. This is the first study that has looked at the unmet support needs for self-management in elderly patients with multimorbidity, which can help this special group to reap the benefits of self-management.

References:

[1]. World Health Organization, 2021, World Health Statistics 2021: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. Geneva, Switzerland.

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[3]. Chang, A.Y., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Payne, C., Rohr, J. K., Manne-Goehler, J., Wade, A. N., Wagner, R. G., Montana. L., Tollman, S., and Salomon, J.A., 2019, Chronic multimorbidity among older adults in rural South Africa. BMJ Global Health, 4(4), Article e001386. Doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001386.

[4]. Angwenyi, V., Aantjes, C., Kajumi, M., De Man, J., Criel, B., and Bunders-Aelen, J., 2018, Patients' experiences of self-management and strategies for dealing with chronic conditions in rural Malawi. PLoS ONE, 13(7): Article e0199977. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199977

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[7]. Aramrat, C., Choksomngam, Y., Jiraporncharoen, W., Wiwatkunupakarn, N., Pinyopornpanish, K., Mallinson, P., and Angkurawaranon, C., 2022, Advancing multimorbidity management in primary care: A narrative review. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 23, Article E36. Doi:10.1017/S1463423622000238.

[8]. Corbett, T., Lee, K., Cummings, A., Calman, L.,  Farrington, N., Lewis, L., Young, A., Richardson, A., Foster, C., and Bridges, J., 2022, Self-management by older people living with cancer and multi-morbidity: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer, 30, 4823–4833 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-06892-z

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[47]. Paltzat, K., Scott, S., Dhaliwal, K. K., Saunders-Smith, T., Manns, B. J., Campbell, T., Ivers, N., Pannu, R., David, J. T., and Campbell, D. J. T. 2023, Patient Perspectives on a Tailored Self-Management Education and Support Intervention for Low-Income Seniors with Chronic Health Conditions. CJC Open, 5(11), 808-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2023.08.002

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[49]. Joo, J. H., Bone, L., Forte, J., Kirley, E., Lynch, T., and Aboumatar, H., 2022, Benefits and challenges of established peer support programmes for patients, informal caregivers, and health providers. Family Practice, 39(5), 903–912. Doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmac004

Abstract:

Modern healthcare has increasingly relied on telemedicine and virtual software platforms, especially during the onset of COVID-19. This systematic review explores the perspectives and experiences of using voice and video-based telemedicine consultation services for outpatient care in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several key factors influence telemedicine adoption by patients and medical practitioners. This review compiles findings from numerous studies to explain the organisational, technological, and social elements that play a role in this process. The study utilised a comprehensive search strategy across multiple online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Keywords such as "telemedicine," "telehealth," "virtual software platforms," "digital health," and "e-health" were employed to retrieve relevant literature. After thorough screening and evaluation, 148 articles were initially identified, with 18 meeting the inclusion criteria. Healthcare accessibility is significantly enhanced through telemedicine, especially benefiting remote and underserved regions. Findings demonstrate that telemedicine is critical in bridging the healthcare gap for these communities. Adopting telemedicine facilitates timely diagnosis, treatment initiation, and continuous patient monitoring while reducing the strain on healthcare facilities. However, barriers such as inadequate funding, insufficient training, integration challenges, and data privacy concerns hinder widespread adoption. To address existing challenges, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of telemedicine in advancing healthcare delivery. It underlines the necessity for robust I.T. infrastructure, regulatory support, and comprehensive training programs. Future research should focus on examining long-term impacts, demographic influences, and strategies for integrating telemedicine into standard healthcare practices. Improving outpatient care and overall healthcare performance, especially in developing regions, can be achieved through telemedicine's scalable, effective, and sustainable solutions.

References:

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[22]. Onsongo, S., Kamotho, C., de Wit, T. F., & Lowrie, K., 2023, Experiences on the utility and barriers of telemedicine in healthcare delivery in Kenya. International Journal of Telemedicine Applications, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1487245

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Abstract:

Despite high awareness of modern contraceptives among postpartum women in Bor South County, South Sudan, actual usage remains low. This study explored the barriers to family planning and assessed program effectiveness in improving contraceptive uptake. In a cross-sectional study of 288 women aged 15-49, results showed that 85% were aware of contraceptives, but only 34% used them. Barriers included limited male involvement, fear of side effects, and cultural beliefs, while rural access challenges persisted. Financial factors were less significant. Findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions addressing socio-cultural issues and improving accessibility to family planning services.

References:

[1]. Asiedu, Agnes, Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare, Bismark Dwumfour-Asare, Diana Baafi, Abdul-Razak Adam, Sawdah Esaka Aryee, and John Kuumuori Ganle. 2020. "Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use: A Cross-sectional Study among Market Women in the Ashiaman Municipality of Ghana." International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences 12: 100184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2019.100184

[2]. Bagheri, Reyhaneh, Rashidah Shuib, Premalatha Karupiah, Panteá Farvid, and Farideh Khalajabadi-Farahani. 2021. "A Qualitative Examination of Men's Participation in Contraceptive Use and Its Barriers in Tehran." Journal of Biosocial Science 53 (6): 833-848. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932020000589

[3]. Barro, Abibata, and Aristide Romaric Bado. 2021. "Religious Leaders' Knowledge of Family Planning and Modern Contraceptive Use and Their Involvement in Family Planning Programmes in Burkina Faso: A Qualitative Study in Dori in the Sahel Region." Open Access Journal of Contraception 12: 135-145. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJC.S315395

[4]. Bearak, Jonathan Marc, Anna Popinchalk, Cynthia Beavin, Bela Ganatra, Ann-Beth Moller, Özge Tunçalp, and Leontine Alkema. 2022. "Country-specific Estimates of Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion Incidence: A Global Comparative Analysis of Levels in 2015–2019." BMJ Global Health 7 (3): e007151. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007151

[5]. Bellizzi, Saverio, Priya Mannava, Mari Nagai, and Howard L. Sobel. 2020. "Reasons for Discontinuation of Contraception among Women with a Current Unintended Pregnancy in 36 Low and Middle-income Countries." Contraception 101 (5): 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2019.09.006

[6]. Bhan, Nandita, and Anita Raj. 2021. "From Choice to Agency in Family Planning Services." The Lancet 398 (10295): 99-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01295-2

[7]. Brady, Martha, Jennifer Kidwell Drake, Allen Namagembe, and Jane Cover. 2020. "Self-care Provision of Contraception: Evidence and Insights from Contraceptive Injectable Self-administration." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 66: 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.004

[8]. Brandi, Kristyn, and Liza Fuentes. 2020. "The History of Tiered-effectiveness Contraceptive Counseling and the Importance of Patient-centered Family Planning Care." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 222 (4): S873-S877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1271

[9]. Burke Kristen Lagasse, Joseph Potter, E., and Kari White. 2020. "Unsatisfied Contraceptive Preferences Due to Cost among Women in the United States." Contraception: X 2: 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conx.2020.100032

[10]. Cohen, Nicki, Finou Thérèse Mendy, Jennifer Wesson, Amanda Protti, Carol Cissé, Elhadji Babacar Gueye, Lydia Trupe, Rosii Floreak, Dana Guichon, Karina Lorenzana, and Alison Buttenheim. 2020. "Behavioral Barriers to the Use of Modern Methods of Contraception among Unmarried Youth and Adolescents in Eastern Senegal: A Qualitative Study." BMC Public Health 20 (1): 1025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09131-4

[11]. Dral Astrid A., Madalitso Tolani, R., Eefje Smet, and Anna Van Luijn. 2018. "Factors Influencing Male Involvement in Family Planning in Ntchisi District, Malawi–a Qualitative Study." African Journal of Reproductive Health 22 (4): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i4.4

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[15]. Holt, Kelsey, Reiley Reed, Joia Crear-Perry, Cherisse Scott, Sarah Wulf, and Christine Dehlendorf. 2020. "Beyond Same-day Long-acting Reversible Contraceptive Access: A Person-centered Framework for Advancing High-quality, Equitable Contraceptive Care." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 222 (4): S878.e1-S878.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1279

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[18]. Krug, Catarina, Francesca Cavallaro, L., Kerry Wong, L. M., Antonio Gasparrini, Adama Faye, and Caroline Lynch, A. 2020. "Evaluation of Senegal Supply Chain Intervention on Contraceptive Stockouts Using Routine Stock Data." PLoS One 15 (8): e0236659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236659

[19]. Msovela, Judith, Anna Tengia–Kessy, Susan Rumisha, F., Daudi Simba, O., David Urassa, P., and Gernard Msamanga. 2020. "Male Partner Approval on the Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods: Factors Determining Usage among Couples in Kibaha District, Tanzania." Contraception and Reproductive Medicine 5 (1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-020-00107-8

[20]. Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, Woldu Kidane, Virginia Stulz, Mhiret Ayele, Sintayehu Abebe, Andrea Rossetti, Gedefa Amenu, Azmeraw Ayehu Tesfahun, and Makida Berhan, 2024. "Exploring the Influence of Sociocultural Factors on the Non-Utilization of Family Planning amongst Women in Ethiopia's Pastoralist Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21 (7): 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070859

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[23]. Takyi, Amy, Miho Sato, Michael Adjabeng, and Chris Smith. 2023. "Factors that Influence Modern Contraceptive Use among Women Aged 35 to 49 Years and Their Male Partners in Gomoa West District, Ghana: A Qualitative Study." Tropical Medicine and Health 51 (1): 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-023-00531-x

Abstract:

The ability to use data to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is essential to the provision of high-quality healthcare. In low- and middle-income countries, there is no reliable data for healthcare associated infections due to either absent or inadequate surveillance framework. To address this challenge of no reliable data of healthcare-associated infections from its healthcare facilities, Tanzania has developed and is putting into use a syndromic surveillance framework. This study aims at providing an overview of essential procedures for setting up a syndromic surveillance framework for surgical site infections. The set-up was done to help Tanzanian healthcare facilities improve their IPC practices. This study originated from a thorough review of reports on the development of the framework for implementation of syndromic surveillance in Tanzania, covering IPC situation analyses, policy guideline development, training, mentorship, supervision, assessments, the creation of the IPC page in District Health Information System 2 (DHIS 2), and data quality evaluations. To improve IPC within local health facilities and across all authorities throughout the health system, this report illustrates the essential milestones associated with designing the framework for implementing syndromic surveillance to comprehend the burden of surgical site infections.

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Abstract:

Salivary alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) levels have been found to be elevated in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder, but their level in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is less explored. The present study aims to investigate salivary alkaline phosphatase levels (S-ALP) as a diagnostic biomarker in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The objective of the study is to measure and compare the S-ALP in individuals with/without the habit of chewing betel nuts and to assess the relationship between S-ALP in individuals with/without betel nut induced oral lesions. The samples were recruited by the stratified random sampling method. A total of 36 patients were divided into two groups, with 18 participants in each group. Group A-control group without habits and without lesions Group B (study group), Group B1-patients without betel nut induced lesions, and Group B2 –Patients with betel nut induced lesions (OSMF). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, and independent t-tests were done. The mean S-ALP was 8.2 IU/L for normal individuals without tobacco usage, 19.5 IU/L for patients with the habit of betel nut chewing but without lesions, and 49.4 IU/L for patients with betel nut chewing induced lesions. The mean difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that S-ALP levels is markedly increased in patients with the habit of using smokeless tobacco suggesting that S-ALP can be used as a reliable non-invasive biomarker to monitor oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF)

References:

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[2]. Rao, N. R., Villa, A., More, C. B., Jayasinghe, R. D., Kerr, A. R., & Johnson, N. W., 2020. Oral submucous fibrosis: a contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 49(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7

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[15]. Dash, K. C., Mahapatra, N., Bhuyan, L., Panda, A., Behura, S. S., & Mishra, P., 2020. An Immunohistochemical Study Showing Ki-67 as an Analytical Marker in Oral Malignant and Premalignant Lesions. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 12(Suppl 1), S274–S278. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_83_20

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Abstract:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potential in clinical applications, particularly in tissue engineering, because of their regenerative and immunomodulatory characteristics. The use of antibiotics in the culturing of MSCs is common to avert contamination; nonetheless, their impact on MSCs survival, differentiation, and therapeutic efficacy necessitates meticulous evaluation. This study analyzed the impact of different antibiotics specifically penicillin-streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, amphotericin B, and tetracycline on the proliferation, viability, and differentiation of MSCs in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Although antibiotics lessen contamination hazards, their application can compromise the functionality of MSCs, because elevated doses may cause cytotoxicity and diminish differentiation capability. The effects of antibiotic concentrations on MSCs proliferation and survival, together with molecular insights into the problems of antibiotic-induced differentiation, are thoroughly examined. Antibiotic-free cultures present a feasible alternative, promoting enhanced cell proliferation and lineage specific differentiation, however, they also introduce contamination issues. Enhancing MSCs culture methodologies may require reduced antibiotic concentrations or alternative antimicrobial agents to maintain cell integrity and sterility. This study emphasizes the significance of dosage modifications, investigates antibiotic free systems, and assesses innovative antimicrobial techniques to improve the quality of MSCs in both research and clinical applications.

References:

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Abstract:

Fibroadenomas are common, well-circumscribed, and typically benign breast tumors often present in young women. Although also generally benign, phyllodes tumors are less common and are characterized by stromal overgrowth leading to a “leaf-like” architecture. When these two lesions coexist, the differential diagnosis becomes more complex, as both conditions can present with overlapping symptoms and imaging findings, such as palpable masses or irregularities on mammography and ultrasound. Histologically, the distinction between fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors relies on the degree of stromal overgrowth and atypia. This is a case report of a 38-year-old multiparous female who presented with a lump in both breasts. Following imaging and biopsy, it was proved that the patient had phyllodes tumor concurrent with multiple fibroadenomas. We proceeded with a simple mastectomy for the phyllodes tumor due to its high chance of recurrence, and excision and biopsy for the fibroadenomas. The treatment protocol differs greatly for phyllodes tumors and fibroepithelial neoplasia; hence, it is important to differentiate and confirm the diagnosis before deciding on the treatment protocol. This paper emphasizes the need for heightened awareness and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of patients with this unusual combination of breast lesions.

References:

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Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) on the preservation or correction of regional lumbar alignment in patients with lumbosacral fusion surgery in compare with posterolateral intertransverse process fusion surgery (PLF). A total of 200 patients with severe low back pain and radicular pain were randomly selected for either posterolateral lumbar fusion by [titanium polyaxial pedicle screw] or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion by [titanium polyaxial pedicle screw)] with intervertebral support by PEEK cage. The primary outcome scores were obtained using the visual analogue score (VAS) for Pain, Oswestry disability Index (ODI). All measures were assessed as follow-up after surgery. We included in this study 200 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent TLIF or PLF operation. The blood loss (250 cc) and duration of the procedure (2h) were better in PLF compared to TLIF (350cc; 2.5h) groups. However, the complications in PLF seem to be more sensitive to the presence of compiling chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes mellitus). Analysis of pre- or post-operative follow-up parameters has indicated a non-significant difference between PLF and TLIF regarding all measured parameters except PRE-OP SS and POST OP LL which has shown a significant (P<0.05) higher in TLIF compared to PLF. Moreover, comparing results within the PLF group in PRE-OP versus POST-OP has shown significantly (P<0.05)  higher PRE-OP PT over POST-OP PT. Additionally, comparing results within the TLIF group in PRE-OP versus POST-OP has shown significantly (P<0.05)  higher POST-OP LL over PRE-OP LL alongside significantly (P<0.05)  higher PRE-OP PI-LL over POST-OP PI-LL. TLIF get higher improvement in lumbar parameters, especially lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and PI-LL mismatch. Improvement of local spinopelvic parameters (LL, SS and PT) contributes to improved post-operative functional scores (ODI and VAS).

References:

[1].   Glassman, S. D., Carreon, L. Y., Ghogawala, Z., Foley, K. T., McGirt, M. J., Asher, A. L., 2016. Benefit of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion vs posterolateral spinal fusion in lumbar spine disorders: a propensity-matched analysis from the national neurosurgical quality and outcomes database registry. Neurosurgery, 79(3), 397-405. Doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001118.

[2].   Deyo, R. A., Gray, D. T., Kreuter, W., Mirza, S., Martin, B. I., 2005. United States trends in lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions. Spine, 30(12), 1441-1445. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000166503.37969.8a.

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[5].   Khoury, N. N., Champagne, P. O., Kotowski, M., Raymond, J., Roy, D., Weill, A., 2017. Unexpected complications with head and neck hydrogel microsphere particle embolization: a case series and a technical note. Interventional Neuroradiology, 23(1), 107-111. Doi:10.1177/1591019916668840.

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Abstract:

Cashew apple is a tropical fruit widely known for its rich phytochemical composition and traditional medicinal uses. This study aimed to analyze the bioactive compounds present in cashew apple juice using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethyl acetate extract of cashew apple juice revealed 46 bioactive constituents, including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, organic acids, siloxanes and flavonoids. The most abundant compounds were 3-Hydroxyflavone (12.21%), Carbonic acid, tetradecyl vinyl ester (7.86%), Tricosane (4.12%), 9-Octadecene (3.99%) and Benzamide (5.71%), which possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties. Other significant compounds, such as Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- (2.64%), 4,6-di-tert-Butylresorcinol (3.05%) and Sulfurous acid, octadecyl 2-propyl ester (3.36%), enhance the juice’s pharmacological potential. Additionally, the presence of esters, aldehydes and terpenes contributes to the aromatic and organoleptic characteristics, making the juice nutritionally valuable. The GC-MS analysis proved to be a powerful technique for identifying phytoconstituents, facilitating their potential utilization in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and functional foods. The diverse bioactivities of these compounds suggest promising applications in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the need for further pharmacological and nutritional research. Future studies should focus on isolating and characterizing these compounds to explore their therapeutic efficacy.

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Abstract:

Obesity, a problem that does not only have negative effects on appearance, but also has health dimensions. It increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer. There must be solutions to this problem, and one of these solutions is the use of fat burners Lipo 6 Black. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the effect and safety of Lipo-6 black on liver and kidney tissue. Fifteen adult rats weighing between 160-250 g (five control rats, five rats treated with 0.5 mg/kg /day of Lipo 6 black and five rats treated with 0.2mg/kg /day of Lipo 6 black).The rats were distributed in three groups randomly. Histological sectioning of both liver and kidney were made after three months. The results were intraglomerular vascular ,interstitial vascular congestion in kidney and degeneration, necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, hemorrhagic increased sinusoids in liver. Lipo 6 black medicine is good for burning fat, but we do not recommend using it for people who suffer from heart diseases, especially blood pressure diseases, liver and kidney diseases.

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[22]. Abdulshaheed, Hayder Ghazi, 2022, Comparative Physiology Study of Side Effect Between Xenical and Lipo-6 Supplements Which Treated Obese Rabbets. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 25(27), 1. Doi: 10.29350/qjps.2022.27.1.1542.

Abstract:

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to increased patient morbidity and mortality, along with prolonged hospital stay, decreased patient quality-of-life, and increased burden on healthcare infrastructure, as such, monitoring of AMR is very important. This research provides a first-time overview of bacterial isolates obtained at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC) in 2023 along with their general resistance patterns which can be used to guide and monitor AMR programs. This was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study that consisted of extracting data on bacterial cultures from the VITEK 2 system at GPHC obtained from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. WHONET 2023 was then used to analyze the data to obtain the prevalence of organisms in the hospital and access their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 6575 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 1971 (30%) were gram-positive organisms which were 33.2%, 30.7%, and 28.8% resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and clindamycin. 4604 (70%) were gram-negative organisms which were 61.1%, 18.4%, and 14.7% resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and imipenem. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant isolates was 66% and 15.6% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (1122 or 59.6%) and Enterococcus species (402 or 20.4%) were the most prevalent gram-positive organisms while Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were the most prevalent gram-negative isolates (1236 or 26.8% and 1120 or 24.3%). Better practices in antimicrobial use are needed to combat the high prevalence and resistance found, particularly of gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL and carbapenem-resistant isolates.

References:

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Abstract:

The study explores the development of a Chitosan-Whitlockite (Ch-WH) composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Chitosan, a natural polymer, and Whitlockite (WH), a calcium-magnesium phosphate mineral, are combined to leverage their individual properties. The scaffold was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm crystalline structure, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical interactions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and porosity, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to verify elemental composition. In vitro evaluations using human osteoblast-like cells demonstrated strong biocompatibility, with the scaffold supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The addition of magnesium from Whitlockite enhanced osteoblast activity and bone mineralization. The scaffold also exhibited antibacterial properties, minimizing infection risks. With its biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial potential, the Ch-WH composite scaffold presents a promising solution for bone tissue engineering, warranting further exploration for clinical applications.

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Abstract:

Menopausal syndrome is characterized by a period of physiological changes, which is marked by the menopause transition. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice of women between the ages of 45 and 55. Sixty women, who ranged in age from 40 to 45, participated in the quantitative study, which was carried out in Mappedu village. The primary conclusions of the research showed that 63.3% of women had insufficient knowledge, 36.7% had intermediate knowledge, and 0% had adequate knowledge. The study participants' overall pre-test knowledge percentage score was 49.7%, with a mean score of 14.9 and a standard deviation of 2.96. The post-test results showed that approximately 6.7% of the women had an inadequate level of knowledge, 66.6% had a moderate level, and 26.7% had an adequate level. Women in the 45-55 age range had significantly improved knowledge after participating in a structured instructional module on the detection and prevention of premenopausal syndrome. It offers community health nurses a wealth of knowledge and inspires them to plan health awareness campaigns.

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[18]. Luo, H., Bian, H., Liu, Z., Sun, C., Li, H., Ma, L., ... & Lai, W., 2025. Evaluation of patient benefits from the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap in elderly patients. Bioengineering, 12(4), 394.

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Abstract:

During routine dissection, an uncommon variation was found in the renal vessels of a male adult cadaver. Right kidney was found to have three renal arteries and three renal veins with intrahilar segmental vessels whereas the left kidney has a single renal artery and a single renal vein but with pre-hilar segmental vessels i.e., outside the renal hilum. It has become imperative for the surgeons to understand the abnormalities of renal vasculature, as the utility of laparoscopic renal surgeries grew considerably. Otherwise, such surgeries may be hampered by these anatomical variations. The presence of these abnormalities is also accountable in radiological imaging, renal transplant, selective segmental clamping during partial nephrectomy. Hence, this case report may be helpful to the nephrologists, surgeons, and radiologists in dealing with the cases of renal surgeries, kidney transplantations, aneurysm of abdominal aorta, cases of trauma and hemorrhages of renal vessels.

References:

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Abstract:

Whitlockite (WH), a calcium phosphate mineral, has emerged as a promising material in bone tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to biologically characterize an alginate-whitlockite (Wh-Al) composite scaffold to evaluate its potential in promoting bone regeneration. The scaffold was synthesized using an ultrafast hydrothermal method to produce WH nanoparticles, which were subsequently incorporated into an alginate matrix. The scaffold was extensively characterized to assess its morphology and composition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous microstructure favorable for cell attachment and proliferation, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful integration of WH nanoparticles into the alginate matrix. Biological evaluation was conducted using the MTT assay with human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells under ISO 10993-6:2016 standards. The results demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 90% across all tested conditions, indicating a high potential for osteogenesis. These findings underscore the ability of the alginate-whitlockite composite scaffold to support cellular activity and promote bone tissue regeneration. The porous structure and bioactive composition of the scaffold make it a suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering applications. Further in vivo studies are recommended to investigate the scaffold’s osteoinductive properties and its clinical efficacy in repairing bone defects, ultimately advancing the development of regenerative therapies for orthopedic and dental applications.

References:

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Abstract:

Malaria remains a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality rates especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Accurate and timely diagnosis of malaria is crucial in enhancing control measures, reducing morbidity, and saving lives. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. infection among high-risk populations, specifically children under five years old and pregnant women, while comparing results between Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) and microscopy for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, planning and monitoring of malaria treatment and control interventions. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 964 pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care and 999 under-five children presenting with febrile illnesses at three primary health care centers over a six-month period conducted in two phases. Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Among the pregnant women, RDT indicated an overall malaria prevalence of 14.2%, while microscopy revealed 14.9%; whereas for under-five children, corresponding prevalence rates were 38.0% by RDT and 39.2% by microscopy. The study demonstrated consistent results between the two diagnostic tests across both study groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the malaria RDT were reported as 87% and 99% for the pregnant women group, and 92% and 97% for the under-five children group, respectively. While acknowledging the gold standard status of malaria microscopy, the study underscored the effectiveness of RDTs in diagnosing malaria, supported by their high sensitivity and specificity rates. Consequently, the study advocated for the preferential use of RDTs in resource-limited settings, particularly at primary healthcare facilities, for prompt and accurate case management.

References:

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Abstract:

Understanding factors influencing risky sexual behavior is crucial for developing effective interventions that reduce risky sexual behavior. We explored contextual factors influencing the implementation of community-based peer-led sexual and reproductive health education aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior among adolescent girls and young women in Moroto District. Using qualitative methods, data were collected through six focus group discussions with 51 adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) and in-depth interviews with five key informants, including district health officials and health workers. A constructivist approach guided the study, and analysis followed the guidelines for systematic reporting. Participants were predominantly aged 15-17 (41.2%), single (62.7%), out of school (52.9%), and unemployed (84.3%). Most had 1-2 children (54.9%) and identified as Christian (78.4%). Facilitators for the intervention included strong peer trust and access to services through hospitals, schools, and teenage centers. Barriers included stigma surrounding family planning and abortion, cultural norms favoring early marriage, misinformation, restrictive family dynamics, time constraints, and inadequate health worker training. Despite the intervention’s acceptability, these challenges may hinder its effectiveness in reducing risky sexual behavior among adolescent girls and young women. Addressing stigma, power dynamics, cultural norms, and misinformation, alongside improving health worker training, is crucial for creating an empowering environment for informed decision-making. This will enhance the intervention's potential to improve health outcomes. The community-based peer-led sexual and reproductive health education intervention has potential to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescent girls and young women. However, its effectiveness hinges on addressing key contextual barriers.

References:

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Abstract:

Senna auriculata L is well known for a wide range of therapeutic benefits. Leaves, stems, roots, flowers, buds, bark, seeds, and fruit extracts have been used specifically in Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Chinese medical systems to treat ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. S. auriculata, recognized for its healing properties, has long been utilized in Chinese traditional medicine for detoxification, reducing inflammation, and enhancing liver health, highlighting its medicinal potential with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antipyretic applications. The following keywords were used to search the literature from 2008 to 2024. S. auriculata has pharmacological, traditional Chinese medicinal, antidiabetic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. S. auriculata has been used successfully in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, including type 2 diabetes and skin, eye, liver, and urinary diseases. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Based on the research findings, S. auriculata has a wide range of biological actions, including antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. The pharmacological properties of S. auriculata and its potential therapeutic uses are explored. S. auriculata flowers were used to treat diabetes, nocturnal emissions, urine discharge, and throat irritation. Microbial infectious disorders and antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antihyperglycemic, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties have all been linked to plants. The study results provide an overview for future research into these important medicinal plants, setting the way for developing new pharmaceuticals and natural therapies.

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Abstract:

Risky sexual behavior is a major public health concern, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. This study assessed the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Moroto District, Uganda. An analytical cross-section design was employed, enrolling 389 respondents. Risky sexual behavior was defined as engaging in any of the following in the past three months: 1) multiple sexual partners, 2) condomless sex, 3) sexual intercourse with a commercial sex worker, or 4) sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or substance abuse. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire, summarized descriptively, and analyzed using the chi-square test. Poisson regression was used to identify independent associations, reported as adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The prevalence of risky sexual behavior was 56.6%. A higher likelihood of risky sexual behavior was observed among respondents aged below 18 years (APR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.34–2.50), those with secondary education (APR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03–1.39), and those with a history of sexually transmitted infections (APR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07–2.28). Conversely, being married or cohabiting was associated with a lower likelihood of risky sexual behavior (APR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.43–0.67). The findings highlight age, marital status, education level, and sexually transmitted infection history as significant factors associated with risky sexual behavior, underscoring the need for targeted, context-specific interventions and comprehensive sexuality education to address risky sexual behaviors.

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Abstract:

Aavarampoo, scientifically known as Cassia auriculata, is a flowering plant belonging to the legume family, used in Ayurvedic medicine. Studies have shown that the phytochemical constituents of Aavarampoo, including flavonoids and tannins, contribute to its ability to modulate inflammatory responses in the body. Diclofenac is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) it works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a key role in the inflammatory process. This makes it a suitable comparator when assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of Aavarampoo, which may have a different but potentially complementary mechanism. Given its widespread use in clinical practice, comparing Aavarampoo to diclofenac can provide relevant insights into its potential as a viable alternative or adjunct therapy in treating inflammation. Materials And Methods: This study is to explore Avarampoo’s anti-inflammatory potential against Diclofenac by membrane stabilizing property (Maria dragan et al, 2016) and by protein denaturation method. Results: When assessed for membrane stabilizing activity, Aavarampoo exhibited commendable protective effects on human red blood cells (HRBC), demonstrating a maximum inhibition of 50.0% at a concentration of 500 µg. diclofenac exhibited significant inhibition of albumin denaturation, with a maximum percentage inhibition of 87.5% at 500 µg. In contrast, the Aavarampoo extract showed a progressive increase in inhibition, achieving 50.0% at the highest concentration tested. Conclusion: Aavarampoo possesses notable anti-inflammatory properties; further research could enhance our understanding of its mechanisms and broaden its applications in complementary health strategies.

References:

[1]. Gopalakrishnan, S., et al., 2011, Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Senna auriculata flowers. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

[2]. Jeyaseelan, E. C., et al., 2017, Phytochemical screening and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Senna auriculata flower extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[3]. Prabhu, S., et al., 2015, Potential role of phytochemicals in the management of inflammation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.

[4]. Drăgan, M., Stan, C. D., Panzariu, A., Profire, L., 2016, Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of some new ferullic acid derivatives. Farmacia. 64 (2):194-7.

[5]. Raghavendra, P., Srinivas, P., & Sundararajan, P., 2016, "Anti-inflammatory potential of Cassia auriculata: Evaluation of protein denaturation inhibition." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(4), 358-363.

[6]. Reddy, P., & Sharma, A., 2014, "In vitro evaluation of the membrane stabilizing property of Cassia auriculata Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153(1), 27-32.

[7]. Choudhury, A., Choudhury, R., & Mandal, S., 2017, "Membrane stabilizing activity of Cassia auriculata and its potential anti-inflammatory effects." International Journal of Pharmacology, 13(5), 425-433.

[8]. Kamaraj, S., Kumar, A., & Ramasamy, K., 2019, "Assessment of anti-inflammatory properties of Cassia auriculata by protein denaturation and membrane stabilizing assays." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 13(18), 463-469.

[9]. Gopalakrishnan, S., et al., 2011, Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Senna auriculata flowers. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development.

[10]. Jeyaseelan, E. C., et al., 2017, Phytochemical screening and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Senna auriculata flower extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[11]. Thulasi, G., and Amsaveni, V., 2012, Antibacterial Activity of Cassia auriculata Against ESBL Producing E. coli from UTI Patients: International Journal of Microbiological Research. 3(1):24-9.

Abstract:

Women experience urinary incontinence in varying levels, which can range from a few drops to multiple tablespoons. It is frequently regarded modest in women who only experience minor leakage after intensive exercises. Many women suffer with the disease out of embarrassment or because they believe it is a natural part of maturing and having children. It reduces quality of life and influences daily social decisions. Treatment includes behavioral therapy and lifestyle recommendations, but only 30% of women seek medical attention due to a lack of understanding, belief in aging as a natural process, or dismissive attitudes from healthcare professionals. The Objective of the study is to assess the Prevalence of urinary incontinence among reproductive age women. A quantitative study was used to conduct study at Saveetha Medical College Hospital. The sample size was 95 which was recruited by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected with structured questionnaire and Questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID). The study results depict that Frequency and percentage distribution of Level of Urinary incontinence severity are 67 (70.53%) had moderate incontinence severity, 5(5.26%) experienced slight incontinence severity and 23 (24.21%) had severe incontinence severity. The study's findings cannot be extrapolated widely due to the heterogeneity in the definition of Urinary incontinence and the variation in sample size across research. Educating women about workouts and rehabilitative programs may enhance treatment seeking trends for this condition.

References:

Abstract:

Childbirth is one of the most awaited and cherished events in a woman's life, wherein she steps into a world of creation, such as becoming a mother. Maternal age ≥35 at the anticipated date of delivery is considered advanced maternal age (AMA). Fertility decreases with age, particularly beyond the mid-thirties. Pregnancy-related difficulties are more likely to occur in women who conceive later in life. The study's goal is to evaluate how maternal age affects primiparous mothers' pregnancy outcomes.to evaluate how maternal age affects newborn outcomes in primiparous women. to link the chosen demographic factors of primiparous mothers with the effect of maternal age on pregnancy and newborn outcomes. A quantitative descriptive study of primiparous women aged 17 to 35 years was carried out.50 primiparous women were given a self-structured questionnaire as a means of gathering data. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to choose the participants. SPSS statistical analysis was used to analyse the data. 29 (58%) primiparous mothers experienced labor lasting 10 to 12 hours, 36 (72%) had a normal vaginal delivery, 33 (66%) had babies weighing 2.5 to 3.5 kg, 38 (76%) had a history of education below the 12th standard, and 36 (72%) had a genetic history of preterm birth. The duration of labour (ⁿ2=11.064, p=0.026) showed a statistically significant association with the level of maternal risk factors among primiparous mothers at the p<0.05 level, while the other demographic variables did not exhibit a statistically significant association with the level of maternal risk factors among primiparous mothers.

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