Abstract:

Background: Globally, success rate recorded for the treatment of drug-resistant TB remains low. About half of all patients with TB, often, do not complete their treatment schedule with consequent prolonged infectivity, drug resistance, relapse and death. Social determinants of health among several factors have been implicated as responsible for poor treatment outcomes.

Objective: This paper reviewed published empirical studies related to drug-resistant TB treatment outcomes and examined social factors that may explain the dynamics involved in treatment failures that are likely to be responsible for poor treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients.

Methodology: A review of empirical studies published in the available databases was conducted through a systematic search of articles indexed in Pub Med, Google Scholar and EMBASE databases. Pooled estimates of treatment success were computed and factors responsible were reported.

Results: The review revealed that DR-TB treatment success rate varied from between 34.5% to 78.4%. A total of 252 articles were identified through electronic search, 52 were duplicated while 16 were eligible and included in the review. Mainly, resistance to second line drugs, co-morbid conditions such as HIV, Diabetes Mellitus, male sex, older age, being underweight, positive sputum smear, presence of cavities in chest X-ray, longer duration of treatment, non-adherence, previous treatment, were frequently identified factors associated with poor treatment outcome in MDR-TB patients.

Conclusion: There was a dearth of studies involving social determinants in explaining the dynamics of poor treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients.

Keywords: Drug-resistance, Treatment Outcomes, Tuberculosis, Social determinants.

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