Abstract:

The main objective of the study was to assess the relation of oral health literacy and psychosocial factors with dental behavior of child carers. This cross-sectional study conducted among the carers of the child studying class V of Mohammadpur Preparatory and model school of Dhaka, during January to December 2015. The sample size was 370, selected by Purposive sampling. Data collected through face to face interview by using semi structured questionnaire. Oral health literacy was measured by Oral Health Literacy adult questionnaire and Psychosocial factors with additional questions to determine dental-efficacy, oral health competency and activation measure. Data analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. The study found that all the carers were female. (46.8%) of the carer were in an age group of 31-35 years, and (83.2%) of them were housewife. (64.4%) had adequate oral health literacy, 28.6% had marginal literacy and 7.0% of the carers had inadequate literacy. These findings indicate that most of the carers had adequate literacy about oral health. Those who had more literacy about oral health their tooth brushing frequency twice a day was more (P<.05). Young aged carers (P<.05) and those were housewives in occupation (P=.05) were brushed their child teeth twice a day more than other carers. Low carer oral health competency showed more brushing frequency twice a day (P<.05). High carer activation measure -knowledge showed more dental visit by carers (P<.05) and high CAM-skill showed more brushing frequency twice a day (P<.05). High carer activation measure -confidence showed more dental visit by carers (P=.05).

Keywords: Oral health literacy, psychosocial factor, dental behavior, child carers.

References:

[1].   Amstutz RD & Rozier RG (1995). Community risk indicators for dental caries in school children: an ecologic study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 23:129-137.

[2].   Andrus MR & Roth MT (2002). Health literacy: a review. Pharmacotherapy 22:282-302.

[3].   Avenetti DM (2013). Assessing the relationship between caregiver’s pediatric oral health literacy and children’s caries status. [Thesis/Dissertation]. University of Washington.

[4].   Bandura A (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev; 84(2):191-215.

[5].   Bertness, J., & Holt, K. (2004).Oral health and health in women: A two-way relationship.[Online] Available from http://www.ask.hrsa.gov/detail.cfm?id=MCH00123. Accessed 23 November 2015.

[6].   Centers for Disease Control. Preventing dental caries. Available at:

http://www.cdc.gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/Prevention/oh.htm Accessed September 9,2009.

[7].   DePaola, D. (1998, October). Beyond the university: Leadership for the common good. Paper presented at American Association of Dental Schools 75th Summit Conference, Washington, D.C. (pp. 1–9).

[8].   DeWalt DA & Hink A (2009). Health literacy and child health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Pediatrics 124(Suppl 3): 265-274.

[9].   Dewalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan S, Lohr KN & Pignone MP (2004). Literacy and health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 19:1228-1239.

[10].  DeWalt DA & Hink A. (2009) Health literacy and child health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Pediatrics;124: Supple 3: S265-74.

[11].  Divya PS. (2013). Oral health literacy- implications for Hong Kong’s children. [Thesis/Dissertation]. The university of Hong Kong; 03-06.

[12].  Friedlander, A. H., Marder, S. R., Pisegna, J. R., & Yagiela, J. A. (2003). Alcohol abuse and dependence: Psychopathology, medical management and dental implications. Journal of the American Dental Association, 134, 731–740.

[13].  Ferris TG, Dougherty D, Blumenthal D &Perrin JM. (2001) A report card on quality improvement for children's health care. Pediatrics; 107:143-55.

[14].  Hibberd JH, Stockard J, Mahoney ER &Tulser M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Serv Res.39 (4Pt 1): 1005-1026.

[15].  Harris, N., & Garcia-Godoy, F. (2004). Primary Preventive Dentistry (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

[16].  Horowitz, A., &Kleinman, D. V. (2008). Oral Health Literacy: The New Impreative to Better Oral Health. Dental Clinics of North America, 52(2), 333–344.

[17].  Kanj M & Mitic W. (2009): Health literacy and health promotion: definitions, concepts and examples in the Eastern Mediterranean region. [Online]. Available from:www.gchp7.info/resources/downloads/t1.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2015.

[18].  Kim, J., Prince, M., Kim, S., Yang, S., Shin, I., & Yoon, J. (2007). Dental health, nutritional status and recent-onset dementia in a Korean community population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 850–855.

[19].  Kutner M, Greenburg E, Jin Y & Paulsen C. (2006). The health literacy of America’s adults: Results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy (NCES 2006–483). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education

[20].  .Lee JY, Rozier RG, Lee SY, Bender D & Ruiz RE. (2007) Development of a word recognition instrument to test health literacy in dentistry: The REALD-30--a brief communication. J Public Health Dent; 67:94-8.

[21].  Martino, S. (2011). Oral health behavioral and social intervention research concepts and methods. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 71(S), 2–6.

[22].  Miller EK. (2010). Impact of caregiver literacy on children’s oral health outcomes. [Dissertation/Thesis]. University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill.

[23].  Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM & Kindig DA, Committee on Health Literacy (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

[24].  National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). The invisible barrier: Literacy and its relationship with oral health. A report of a workgroup sponsored by the national institute of dental and craniofacial research, national institute of health, U.S. public health service, department of health and human services. J Public Health Dent; 65:174-82.

[25].  National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. (2000). Oral health in America: A report of the surgeon general. [Online]. Available from http://www2.nidcr.nih.gov/sgr/sgrohweb/welcome.htm. Accessed 6 November 2015.

[26].  Pradhan A. (2012). Exploring dental behaviors of carers of adults with disabilities: Oral health literacy and Psycho-social factors. School of Dentistry [Dissertation/Thesis]. The University of Adelaide.24-134.

[27].  Patton, L., Strauss, R., McKaig, R., Porter, D., &Eron, J. (2003). Perceived oral health status, unmet needs, and barriers to dental care among HIV/AIDS patients in a North Carolina cohort: Impacts of race. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 63(2),86–91.

[28].  Rustvold SR. (2012). Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors: Investigation of an Educational Intervention Strategy with At-Risk Females. [Dissertation/Thesis] Portland State University; 3-34.

[29].  Smith A. (2007). Oral health literacy of parents and dental service use for children enrolled in medicaid. [Thesis/Dissertation] Walden University. USA; 02-05.

[30].  Smith MS, Kenneth AW & Craig AS. (1995). The development and validation of the Perceived Health Competence Scale. Health Education Research Theory and Practice;10 (1):51-64.

[31].  Sistani MMN, Yazdani R, Virtanen J, Pakdaman A & Murtomaa H. (2013). Oral health literacy and information sources among adults in Tehran, Iran. Community Dental Health; 30, 178-182.

[32].  Sgan-Cohen, H., & Mann, J. (2007). Health, oral health, and poverty. Journal of the American Dental Association, 138, 1437–1442.

[33].  Treadwell, H., & Formicola, A. (2005). Improving the oral health of prisoners to improve overall health and well-being. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 1677–1678.

[34].  Tomar SL, Reeves AF (2009). Changes in the oral health of US children and adolescents and dental public health infrastructure since the release of the Healthy People 2010 Objectives.AcadPediatr9:388-395.

[35].  Tinanoff N, Kanellis MJ & Vargas CM (2002). Current understanding of the epidemiology mechanisms, and prevention of dental caries in preschool children. Pediatr Dent 24:543-551.

[36].  US Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Healthy people 2010.2nd ed. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

[37].  US Department of Health and Human Services (2000). Oral health in America: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, US Dept. of Health and Human Services 7:158-168. Available at: http://www2.nidcr.nih.gov/sgr/sgrohweb/home.htm (URL accessed June 30, 2010).

[38].  Wayne, B., Trajtenberg, C., & Hyman, D. (2001). Tooth and periodontal disease: A review for the primary care physician. Southern Medical Journal, 94, 925–932.

[39].  Yin HS, Johnson M, Mendelsohn AL, Abrams MA, Sanders LM &Dreyer BP. (2009) The health literacy of parents in the United States: a nationally representative study. Pediatrics;124 Supple 3: S289-98.

[40].  Yin HS, Johnson M, Mendelsohn AL, Abrams MA, Sanders LM & Dreyer BP (2009). The health literacy of parents in the United States: a nationally representative study. Pediatrics 124(Suppl 3):289-298.