The Pathophysiological Role of Diet in Non-Communicable Disease Etiology
Abstract:
Background
and aims.
Adherence to healthful diet has been a challenge both in the developing and developed
countries due to the changes in lifestyles, access to ready junk food, resource
constraints, lack of adequate knowledge, poor regulatory approaches and culture,
to mention but a few, making the world population more vulnerable to non- communicable
diseases (NCDs). By implication, an unhealthy diet is an important factor for disability
and death relative to the increasing global NCD burden. This review updates knowledge
on the role and dimension of diet and health outcomes such as; cardiovascular diseases,
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
Methods. A Systematic review
of reviews and meta-analyses on chronic health outcomes attributable to dietary
patterns were studied. In total, 141 reviews and meta-analyses were searched in
Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline but 41 reviews published from 2016 onwards were
included in the study.
Results. Consumption of a
diet rich in animal fats, excessive energy, animal proteins, posed a higher risk
or death due to NCDs. Alternatively, diets comprised of vegetables, fruits, nuts,
low carbohydrates, low polyunsaturated fat, seafood, legumes, nuts, less meat, fish,
and whole-grain were found to be protective for most NCDs. Conclusions. Research confirms diet to be both a risk factor (unhealthful
diet) and at the same time protective (healthful diet) for NCDs. However, further
epidemiological studies should emphasize the assessment of Health outcomes based
on the quantity, frequency, concentration, synergistic interactions of various dietary
nutrients.
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