An Overview of Bacterial Isolates in a Tertiary Hospital in Guyana during a 1 Year Period (2023)

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DOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.13.02.Art030

Authors : Taudgirdas Persaud, Michael Olabode Tomori, Shazeema Shaw, Joanna Cole Breems

Abstract:

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to increased patient morbidity and mortality, along with prolonged hospital stay, decreased patient quality-of-life, and increased burden on healthcare infrastructure, as such, monitoring of AMR is very important. This research provides a first-time overview of bacterial isolates obtained at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC) in 2023 along with their general resistance patterns which can be used to guide and monitor AMR programs. This was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study that consisted of extracting data on bacterial cultures from the VITEK 2 system at GPHC obtained from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. WHONET 2023 was then used to analyze the data to obtain the prevalence of organisms in the hospital and access their antibiotic resistance patterns. A total of 6575 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 1971 (30%) were gram-positive organisms which were 33.2%, 30.7%, and 28.8% resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and clindamycin. 4604 (70%) were gram-negative organisms which were 61.1%, 18.4%, and 14.7% resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and imipenem. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant isolates was 66% and 15.6% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (1122 or 59.6%) and Enterococcus species (402 or 20.4%) were the most prevalent gram-positive organisms while Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were the most prevalent gram-negative isolates (1236 or 26.8% and 1120 or 24.3%). Better practices in antimicrobial use are needed to combat the high prevalence and resistance found, particularly of gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL and carbapenem-resistant isolates.

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