Assessing Epidemic Preparedness and Response Capacities for Public Health Emergencies: Quantitative Findings from Selected States in Northern Nigeria

Abstract:
Public
health emergencies, particularly infectious disease outbreaks, pose significant
challenges in resource-limited settings like northern Nigeria, where disparities
in preparedness and response (EPR) capacities exist. This study quantitatively
assessed public health emergency preparedness and response capacities in
Bauchi, Kano, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). A cross-sectional study
involving local government disease surveillance and notification officers
(DSNOs) as respondents was conducted. Data were collected using a
semi-structured online questionnaire and analysed using SPSS software. Key
findings revealed a high level of training in emergency preparedness and
response, with over 90% of DSNOs across the three states having undergone
epidemic preparedness and response (EPR) training. Strengths included availability
of trained rapid response teams, widespread use of the Surveillance Outbreak
Response Management Analysis System (SORMAS) and availability of Integrated
Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) reporting forms. However, critical
gaps were identified, such as inadequate funding, poor laboratory capacity, and
insufficient healthcare infrastructure. Additional challenges included limited
community engagement, poor multisectoral coordination, and internet connectivity
issues. Recommendations for strengthening EPR include enhanced surveillance
systems, improved laboratory infrastructure, capacity building for the
healthcare workforce, and strengthened community engagement. Despite existing
challenges, the study highlights progress in strengthening epidemic
preparedness and response, offering evidence-based insights to guide future
interventions. This study underscores the importance of a multi-pronged
approach to address regional disparities and ensure robust preparedness and
response in northern Nigeria.
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