Overview of CoQ10 Role in Health and Diseases
Abstract:
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone, is a lipid-soluble, vitamin-like compound found in all human cells, primarily in the mitochondria, cell membranes, and lipoproteins. It plays a vital role in cellular energy production by participating in the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria, converting metabolic products into ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The reduced form, ubiquinol (CoQH2), acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, DNA, and mitochondria. CoQ10 levels decline with age, reducing antioxidant capacity and increasing oxidative stress, which may contribute to age-related and metabolic conditions. Supplementation of CoQ10 has been proposed as a potential treatment for certain chronic diseases due to its antioxidant properties. CoQ10 was first isolated in 1955, and its chemical structure was fully characterized shortly after. It gained prominence in the 1960s when it was linked to mitochondrial energy production and cardiovascular health. Research advanced further when Dr. Peter Mitchell's work on ATP synthesis, dependent on CoQ10, won the Nobel Prize in 1978. CoQ10's critical biological roles and therapeutic potential continue to make it a focus in health and disease management.
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