Abstract:

Despite the huge inflow of billions of donors into the country for humanitarian and development programs, South Sudan communities have remained vulnerable to natural and humanmade disasters, this has resulted into massive poverty, loss of human lives and property, and internal and cross border displacements as the best coping options. This study was aimed at investigating the factors perceived to influence NGOs projects’ success in saving lives and restoring the human dignity of the most vulnerable populations in the Country. These factors studied include Project planning, stakeholder involvement, and Risk Management. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection through a sample size of 144 respondents, selected from 233 sample frames of NGOs’ staff in South Sudan. The sample size was determined by Krejcie Robert V. Morgan W. (1970) table). The study findings show positive relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable as follows; Project Planning and Projects Success at (r = 0.348, P-value < 0.01); Project Planning and Risk management at (r = 0.528, P-value < 0.01); Risk management and Projects success at (r = 0.523, P-value < 0.01); Stakeholder’s involvement and Risk management at (r = 0.503, P-value < 0.01); and A Regression analysis of (R = 0.541). Therefore, in consideration of the positive correlations’ independent variable, NGOs are advised to ensure sufficient project planning, risk management, and stakeholders’ involvement; to ascertain intervention success.

References:

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Abstract:

Community pharmacists, as healthcare providers, operate within local and global business environments. Therefore, they are not immune from the effects of the business environment on practice performance. However, limited empirical research is available to explore these effects. The study proposes an empirical model to investigate the influence of economic and technological factors on the performance domains of community pharmacists in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires to 661 randomly selected community pharmacists. Performance measures were operationalized based on theory into 3 domains: operational, economic, and social performance domains. Study hypotheses were tested by applying factor-based structural equation modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS software. Results showed acceptable internal reliability of constructs and fit of the model to the data. Technology, compared to economic factors, had a significant influence on operational performance (β=0.242, p=0.001 vs. β=0.067, p=0.055). At the same time, economic factors had a higher influence on economic performance (β=0.070, p=0.036 vs. β=0.032, p=0.203). Both predictors affected social performance, with economic factors having a relatively stronger impact compared to technological factors. (β=0.095, p=0.007 vs. β=0.069, p=0.037). Community pharmacists should continue to strengthen economic value for their customers while incorporating relevant technology to improve practice outcomes. Macroeconomic policy by governments to enable community pharmacy practice is also recommended. The study recommends that community pharmacists emphasize the relevance of regular performance assessments to identify areas for improvement. This study adds substantial theoretical and methodological value to the existing literature by using SEM to explore the impact of business environmental factors on disaggregated performance measures of community pharmacists.

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Abstract:

The study sought to contribute to the general body of knowledge and research work in corporate social responsibility. The research work also aimed to establish the most prevalent forms of CSR from the literature and ascertain how CSR influences customer behavior and businesses. Corporate social responsibility is a contentious subject for managers of businesses and their stakeholders. However, this paper’s purpose is to bridge the various pieces of CSR knowledge in literature by systematically reviewing a collection of articles on the subject and drawing valuable conclusions relating to the various paradigms or schools of thought. The researcher, for this study, identified and critically reviewed twenty (20) recent articles on CSR that were gathered from highly recognized and profiled research databases, including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Emerald (database), Elsevier (database), Pro-quest, Scopus, and Springer. Persistent themes on the prevalent forms of CSR; and the influence of CSR on consumer behavior and business performance were observed. It became clear that defining CSR is an arduous task because of the different perspectives of researchers and managers of organizations. Nevertheless, CSR is simply an organization getting back to the people it serves or produces for and offering any form of help that revolves around the environmental, the social, the economic, the stakeholder, and the voluntariness themes: In conclusion, CSR, no matter the angle it is looked at, there is enough evidential proof from the literature that when implemented well, yields enormous benefits to the community and respective businesses.

References:

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Abstract:

A descriptive cross-sectional design approach was deployed using a structured questionnaire underpinning the research objective to collect data from mobile money users and non-users within the Business District Centre of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Adum. The purposive random selection technique was used to choose a sample size of 59. This study seeks to investigate the challenges encountered by patrons of mobile money and examine their behaviour and attitudes towards the usage of mobile money transactions. The study identified seven (7) challenges, namely, financial, security, privacy, performance, time, convenience, and psychological, with performance, security, and privacy challenges being the most prevalent. The low transaction limits due to inadequate constant liquidity flow (cash and e-float) by agents affect consumers who wish to transact more than being offered; unwarranted delays experienced by customers and merchants due to incomplete payment process are some of the causative challenges of mobile money transaction; and invasion of privacy and defamation are among major. Fraudsters use the fear and anxiety of customers’ personal details in the hands of a third party, especially when the mobile money accounts are linked to clients’ bank accounts. The effect of inconvenience and delays in transactions are pointers to a duplicated transaction. It is recommended that service charges be lowered to their minimum rates, ensure a reliable mobile money system for consumers through system upgrades, and service providers ensure that personal details remain private to avoid consumer-driven fraud by inadvertently making pin codes known to third parties.

References:

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[2] Yawson, C (2022) Analysis of Risks and Barriers associated with Mobile Money Transactions in The Western Region of Ghana. A Case Study of Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis: A New Decade for Social Changes; Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 28; 501-521, February 2022 ISSN:2668-7798.

[3] GSMA, (2013) “The State of Mobile Money Usage – How many people use mobile money globally?” GSMA, 2014. Available from: http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/the-state-of-mobile-money-usagehow-many-people-usemobile-money-globally.

[4] Bank of Ghana Report (2020): Payment Systems Oversight Annual Report, 2020; Payment Systems Department, Bank of Ghana.

[5] Kiran, K. V. D., Srivastava, M. V. R., & Devi, K. G. (2014). Risk Management in Mobile Banking. International Journal of Engineering Research& Technology (IJERT), 3(3), 2278-0181.

[6] Thakur, R., & Srivastava, M. (2014). Adoption readiness, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, and usage intention across customer groups for mobile payment services in India. Internet Research, 24(3), 369–392

[7] Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, H., & Yu, B. (2015). Understanding perceived risks in mobile payment acceptance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 253–269.

[8] Shuhaida, M. S., Hamidi, S.I., & Sela, I.S. (2016) Perceived Risk towards Mobile Banking: A case study of Malaysia Young Adulthood. International Research and Innovation Summit (IRIS2017)

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[10] Davis, F. D. (1989) “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Quarterly, 13: 319-340.

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[13] Acheampong A (2013), Deconcentration of Economic Activities from the Central Business District of Kumasi: A Special Study Submitted to the Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Human Settlement Planning.

[14] Daniel W.W. (1999), Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. Editor. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.

[15] GSMA, (2021) State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2021.

[16] Sasu, D.D. (2022): Mobile money accounts in Ghana 2018-2022; Statista.

[17] GSMA, (2018) State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2018.

[18] GSMA. (2019), The mobile economy Asia Pacific 2019 report. GSM Associates. https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=fe8735424e3058f98c3a83bc57bc2af5&download.

[19]Bećirović, S., (2014) CHALLENGES FACING E-MONEY Department of economic sciences, University of Novi Pazar, Dimitrija Tucovića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia, s.becirovic@uninp.edu.rs University Journal of Information Technology and Economics UNIT: VOL.1 (NO.1) / June 2014 / ISSN 2335-0628.

[20] Branic, N. (2014). Routine Activity Theory. [Online] Available: https://webfiles.uci.edu/ckubrin/Branic_Routine_Activities_Theory_Entry.pdf?uniq=-32lsbd (June 20, 2019).

[21] Gwahula, R. (2016) Risks and Barriers Associated with Mobile Money Transactions in Tanzania. Journal of Business Management and Strategy ISSN 2157-6068 2016, Vol. 7, No. 2.

[22] Noreen M, Ghazali Z, and MIA, S. (2021) The Impact of Perceived Risk and Trust on Adoption of Mobile Money Services: An Empirical Study in Pakistan; Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business Vol 8 No 6 (2021) 0347–0355 347 Print ISSN: 2288-4637.

[23] Aboobucker, I., & Bao, Y. (2018). What obstructs customers’ acceptance of internet banking? Security and privacy, risk, trust, and website usability and the role of moderators. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 29(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2018.04.010.

[24] Chau, V. S., & Ngai, L. W. (2010). The youth market for internet banking services: perceptions, attitude, and behavior. Journal of Services Marketing. https://doi. org/10.1108/08876041011017880.

[25] Kim, W., Jeong, O., Kim, C., So, J., (2011). The dark side of the internet: attacks, costs, and responses. Inf. Syst. 36 (3), 675–705.

[26] Dylko, I., Dolgov, I., Hoffman, W., Eckhart, N., Molina, M., Aaziz, O., (2017). The dark side of technology: an experimental investigation of the influence of customizability technology on online political selective exposure. Comput. Hum. Behav. 73, 181–190.

[27] Kircaburun, K., Griffiths, M., 2018. The dark side of the internet: preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use. J. Behav. Addict. 7 (4), 993–1003.

[28] Kuismaa, T., Laukkanena, T., & Hiltunenb, M. (2007). Mapping the reasons for resistance to internet banking means-end approach. Int J Inform Manage, 27(2), 75-85.

[29] Wei-Lun, C., Li-Ming, C. & Takako H. (2021) Cashless Japan: Unlocking Influential Risk on Mobile Payment Service Published: 25 June 2021.

[30] Choi, Y., & Choi, H. (2017). Risk factors affecting trust and satisfaction in mobile payment systems, International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information, 20(8A), 5527–5532. https://www.statista.com/statistics/671653/mobile-subscription-share-in-ghana-by-operator/(Assessed 10/04/2022).

Abstract:

With the growing level of adoption and utilisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the 21^st century, it is cardinal to examine Information Technology Governance (ITG) in relation to approaches utilizable in public sector organizations for efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, this work examines information, communication, and technology governance in public organizations with a focus on the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). The specific objective covers the level of involvement of Information Technology Governance (ITG) and the Information Technology Governance (ITG) mechanism used by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) as a public sector organization. Objectives also focus on the benefits of Information Technology Governance (ITG) and the challenges involved with Information Technology Governance (ITG) in the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). The study adopted the Technological Determinism Theory. With the adoption of the survey method through the instrumentation of a self-designed questionnaire administered to two hundred and nine (209) respondents, the study revealed that the involvement of Control Objective for Information and Technology (COBIT) as ITG mechanism in the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) is to a great extent. The benefits of ITG include the creation of values, improved effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery, and improvement of service quality. However, these benefits are hindered by some challenges ranging from poor infrastructures, inadequate expertise, poor resource management, culture, and bureaucracy to leadership style. The study recommends that government commitment and provision of adequate IT infrastructures to various public service agencies in Nigeria will enhance the successful implementation of ITG applications and efficiency in public service delivery.

References:

[1] Ewuim, N. C., Igbokwe-Ibeto, C. J. and Nkomah, B. B (2016). Information and Communication Technology and Public Service Delivery in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Council of Lagos State-Nigeria. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management studies, 5(1): 13-25. Retrieved from http://www.singaporeanjbem.com.

[2] DeHaes, S & VanGrembergen, W, (2014). IT governance and its mechanisms. Information Systems Control Journal.

[3] Weill, P., & Ross, J.W. (2012). IT governance, how top performers manage IT decision rights for superior results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

[4] Amali, L. N., & Katili, M. R. (2018). Identification of influential factors in implementing IT governance: A survey study of Indonesian companies in the public sector. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 13 (1): 61-77.

[5] Ali, S. & Green, P. (2017), Effective information technology (IT) governance mechanisms: An IT outsourcing perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 14(2): 179-193.

[6] Gelson, H., & Carlos D. S. J. (2014). Information technology governance in public organizations: how perceived effectiveness relates to three classical mechanisms. JISTEM - Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management 11(2). 297-326.

[7] McQuail, D. (2005). Mcquail’s theory of mass communication. London: Sage.

[8] Williams, A., & Merten, M. (2009). Adolescents’ online social networking following the death of a peer. Journal of adolescent research, 24(1): 67-90.

[9] ISACA. Cobit 5 - A Business Framework for the Governance and Management of Enterprise IT. Rolling Meadows, IL (USA): ISACA, 2012. Retrieved from www.isaca.org/COBIT/Pages/default.aspx.

[10] Peterson, R. R. (2011). Information governance: an empirical investigation into the differentiation and integration of strategic decision-making for IT. The Netherlands: Tilburg University.

[11] Castren, T. & Madhavi, P. (201I). Forest Governance 2.0: A primer on ICTs and governance. Washington DC: Program on Forests (PROFOR).

[12] Dolci, P. C. & Maçada, A. C. G. (2011). The dimensions of IT portfolio management (ITPM): an analysis involving IT managers in Brazilian companies. JISTEM Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, São Paulo, 8, (2). Retrieved from www.jistem.fea.usp.

[13] Campbell, J. & McDonald, R. (2009). Tsholofelo Sethibe: Public and private sector IT governance identifying contextual differences Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering University of Canberra, Bruce ACT 2601.

[14] Khalfan, A & Gough, T.G. (2012). Comparative analysis between the public and private sectors on the IS/IT outsourcing practices in a developing country: a field study, Logistics Information Management.

[15] Maphephe, J. M. (2013). E-Government for Effective Service Delivery, Challenges and Prospects for the Lesotho Government 2009-2013. African Journal of Computing & ICT, 6 (4), 59-72. Retrieved on January 6, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org.

[16] Laita, A. & Belaissaoui, M. (2017). Information technology governance in public sector organizations. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308568890.

[17] ITGI. Enterprise Value Governance of IT Investments - The Val IT Framework 2.0 Extract. Rolling Meadows, IL (USA): IT Governance Institute, 2008. Retrieved from www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/Val-IT-IT-Value-Delivery-/Documents/ValIT-Framework-2.0-Extract-Jul-2008.pdf.

[18] Prasad, A.; Heales, J. & Green, P. (2010). A capabilities-based approach to obtaining a deeper understanding of information technology governance effectiveness: evidence from IT steering committees. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. 11-214– 232.

[19] Gichoya, D. (2005). Factors affecting the successful implementation of ICT projects in government. The Electronic Journal of E-government, 3(4): 175-184. www.ejeg.com/ejeg-volume3-issue4-article70.pdf.

[20] Van Grembergen, W., De Haes S. & Guldentops E., (2014). Structures, processes, and relational mechanisms for information technology governance: theories and practices. In: Strategies for Information Technology Governance, Idea Group Publications.

Abstract:

Despite the assumed added value of localization, what remains unclear is the method and framework within which local non-governmental organization (NGO) strategies are measured. Owing to considerable difference between donor demands and local stakeholder’s requirements, local NGO evaluation landscape in many developing countries including Uganda is characterized by disrupted systematic application of evaluation practices and standards. While there are considerable congregation towards ensuring standard evaluation, various evaluation models and frameworks; the proliferation of different donor donors’ framework is increasingly making strategy evaluation as subject of varied imagination against localized norms and standards. This study sought to validate the contextual relevance of organizational evaluation competency (OEC) framework as a standard process upon which local NGOs could meaningfully be seen to contribute to the realization of national development plan and aspirations. In-depth key informant interviews were conducted with 16 respondents drawn from NGO executives, NGO managers, board members, consultants, and academicians from a wider spectrum of specializations. Findings revealed that the OEC framework is contextually relevant for strategy evaluation. Specifically, the findings revealed that matured NGOs strategies were positively impacted by utilization OEC framework as they consistently apply it compared to emerging new local NGO. The study highlight higher potentials in wider application of OEC framework by both matured and emerging NGOs. This implies policy engagement on capacity strengthening must urgently prioritize NGO network support towards a strengthened evaluation technical expertise and steering.

References:

[1] Lingan, J., Cavender, A., Lloyd, R., & Gwynne, B. (2009). Responding to NGO development effectiveness initiatives. One World Trust/World Vision Briefing Paper, 122(122), 1-20.

[2] Dicklitch, S. (1998). The elusive promise of NGOs in Africa: Lessons from Uganda. Springer.

[3] Andres-Jimenez, J., Medina-Merodio, J. A., Fernandez-Sanz, L., Martinez-Herraiz, J. J., & Ruiz-Pardo, E. (2020). An Intelligent Framework for the Evaluation of Compliance with the Requirements of ISO 9001: 2015. Sustainability, 12(13),

[4] Fasuluku, S. O. (2021). Civil society in Kono District, Sierra Leone: Capacity, constraints, and potential to contribute to local Sustainable Development Goals. OSF Preprints, 18.

[5] Wagner, J. (1993). Perspectives on environmental conflict and international politics.

[6] Staron, M., Meding, W., & Nilsson, C. (2009). A framework for developing measurement systems and its industrial evaluation. Information and Software Technology, 51(4), 721-737.

[7] Martz, W. A. (2008). Evaluating organizational effectiveness. Western Michigan University.

[8] Tavana, M., & Banerjee, S. (1995). Evaluating strategic alternatives: an analytical model. Computers & operations research, 22(7), 731-743.

[9] Pondy, L. R., & Mitroff, I. I. (1979). Beyond open system models of organization. Research in organizational behavior, 1(1), 3-39.

[10] DeJong, D. J. (2009). Quality improvement using the Baldrige criteria for organizational performance excellence. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 66(11), 1031-1034.

[11] Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2008). Mastering the management system. Harvard business review, 86(1), 62.

[12] Escrig‐Tena, A. B., & Bou‐Llusar, J. C. (2005). A model for evaluating organizational competencies: An application in the context of a quality management initiative. Decision Sciences, 36(2), 221-257.

[13] Rodinova, N., Ostroukhov, V. M., Dibrova, J. N., Zaitseva, N. A., Larionova, A., & Yazev, G. (2017). Application of the competency model for assessing the effectiveness of the organizational structure in commercial organization. Man in India, 97(15), 331-341.

[14] Stufflebeam, D. L. (2000). Guidelines for developing evaluation checklists: the checklists development checklist (CDC). Kalamazoo, MI: The Evaluation Center Retrieved on January 16, 2008.

[15] Kang, J., Anderson, S. G., & Finnegan, D. (2012). The evaluation practices of US international NGOs. Development in Practice, 22(3), 317-333.

[16] Young, J. O. (2001). A defence of the coherence theory of truth. Journal of philosophical research, 26, 89-101.

[17] Kelly, L. M., & Cordeiro, M. (2020). Three principles of pragmatism for research on organizational processes. Methodological innovations, 13(2), 2059799120937242

[18] Uganda national NGO Forum (2021). The NGO blueprint. Strategic Plan 2021-2025. Accessed from https://ngoforum.or.ug/sites/default/files/publications/THE%20NGO%20BLUEPRINT%20-%20UNNGOF%20STRATEGIC%20PLAN%202021%20-2025.pdf

[19] Korten, D. C. (1987). Third generation NGO strategies: A key to people-centered development. World development, 15, 145-159.

[20] Jacobson, C., Hughey, K. F., Allen, W. J., Rixecker, S., & Carter, R. W. (2009). Toward more
reflexive use of adaptive management. Society and Natural Resources, 22(5), 484-495.

[21]  Barr, A., & Fafchamps, M. (2006). A client-community assessment of the NGO sector in Uganda. The Journal of Development Studies, 42(4), 611-639.

Abstract:

Village savings and loans associations (VSLA) groups have recently garnered popularity in rural and urban settings. This study aimed to assess the relevant financial management practices in the context of VSLA in West Nile, Uganda, and provide recommendations for robust and sound VSLA financial management practices for the effective management of grouped financial resources. This study adopted a quantitative research design, used a questionnaire to conduct a field survey, and employed SPSS for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, frequency, and percentile were utilized to analyze data collected from the study sample of 196 VSLA groups whose management committees were the unit of enquiry. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used. The study found that the number of members that a VSLA group has typically ranged between 25 and 30, of which 87% were between 34–54 years, and 62% of the groups had saved for 1–5 years. This study identified the interest earned, penalties or fines charged, savings of members, and support from non-governmental organizations and government in the forms of donations and grants as major sources of income of the VSLA group. Record keeping, security of savings from members who saved by keeping their money in banks, budgeting, segregation of duties among management committees, registration status, and the availability of a functional constitution to members were identified as good financial management practices. This study indicates that good financial management practices yield an opportunity for VSLA groups to borrow large amounts from financial institutions for investments. It also ensures proper planning, revenue and expenditure monitoring, transparency, and better utilization of hard-earned financial resources, while also boosting the confidence and trust of the group members.

Keywords: Associations, Financial, Loans, Management, Savings, and Village.

References:

[1] Amos Mahama Seidu (2017) , Access to finance with VLSA group. Capitalization of Experiences for Greater Impact in Rural Development. Project, implemented by CTA, FAO and IICA and supported by IFAD. Ghana, West Africa. http://experience-capitalization.cta.int.

[2] Conner Brannen (2010), An Impact Study of the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) Program in Zanzibar, Tanzania. https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/islandora/object/ir%3A830/datastream/PDF/view. Sarath Chandran M.C & Renju Chandran, (2018), Effect of Financial literacy on Personal Financial Management of IT employees in Kerala, International Journal of Business and Management Invention, Volume 7, issue 8, version III. www.ijbmi.org.

[3] Jonathan Lanidune (2021), Exploring Financial Inclusion with Village Savings and Loan Associations in Ghana’s Wa-West District. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations.

[4] Ezra Anyango, Ezekiel Esipisu, Lydia Opoku, et al (2007), Village Savings and Loan Associations experience from Zanzibar. Small Enterprise Development Vol.18 No.1 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.616.6222&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

[5] Jean Bosco Harelimana (2018), The Contribution of Village Savings and Loan Associations to Households Welfare in Rwanda. Global Journals, Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Volume 18 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2018.

[6] Martina Crailsheim, Sylvia Nansimbe and Roger Nyakahuma, Vision Fund International (2019), Contextual and Financial Assessment of Savings Groups in West Nile, Uganda.Barbara Athieno, Elizabeth Dykstra-McCarthy, Elizabeth Stites, Roxani Krystalli (2020). Youth experiences with and access to savings and credit in Karamoja, Uganda. Boston, MA: Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, November 2020. https://fic.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/FIC-ApolouBP1_7.19.21-1.pdf.

[7] Benard Wewaru Mbogo (2018), in the study conducted about the uptake of loans in group savings and loans scheme, Mbeere North Subcounty Embu county, Kenya.

[8] Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLA) (2014), CARE International in Uganda, 17 Mackinnon Road, Nakasero, P.O. Box 7280, Kampala (U) www.careuganda.info, https://www.care.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CARE-VSLA-Report-Uganda-Eco-Devel.pdf.

[9] Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLA) (2012), International Rescue Committee Agency Headquarters, 122 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10168 U.S.A. www.Rescue.org.

[10] Etengu, O.R., & Amony, M. (2016). Internal Control System and Financial Performance in Non-governmental Organizations in Uganda: A case Study of International Union for Conservation of Nature.www.ijcas.net, Vol.3, No.2.

[11] A report on Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) training for ILO partner staff operating in Wakiso District (2011). Project of support for the preparatory phase of the Uganda National Action Plan for the elimination of child labour (SNAP).

[12] Mu’azu Saidu Badara (2017) The Relevant of Contingency Theory and Stewardship Theory on the Internal Audit Research. Journal of World Economic Research. Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, pp. 17-22. doi: 10.11648/j.jwer.20170602.11.

[13] The Bantwana Initiative of World Education, Inc. (2018). African Youth Empowerment and Development Initiative (AYEDI) Village Savings and Loan Association. 44 Farnsworth Street Floor 7 Boston, MA 02210 United States of America. www.bantwana.org.

[14] Amidei, J., Piwek, P., & Willis, A. (2019), The use of rating and Likert scale in Natural Language Generation, human evaluation tasks. A review and some recommendation. School of computing and communication, the open University Milton Keynes. Retrieved from: www.inlg2019.com/assets/papers/57_Paper.pdf.

[15] Keith S. Taber (2017), The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education.

[16] The Independence Magazine, page 6,8, Issue No.726 July. 08 -14 2022, Plot 82/84, Kanjokya Street, Kampala Uganda. https://joom.ag/Bred.

[17] Megan Gash (2017), A Typology of Relationships between Savings Groups and Financial Service Providers. Understanding the Impact of Savings Groups and the SEEP Network in partnership with Financial Sector Deepening Africa (FSD Africa).

[18] Financial Services in Uganda Refugee Response: An assessment of User Perspectives Research Brief Uganda February 2022. Cash working Group Report. Joseph Rujumba (2019), Village Saving and Loans Associations intervention under Towards an AIDS free Generation Programme in Uganda. https://aidsfonds.org/assets/resource/file/VSLA_study_TAFU_final_report.pdf). Massimo Lowicki-Zucca, Patrick Walugembe, Innocent Ogaba, et al (2014), Savings groups as a socioeconomic strategy to improve protection of moderately and critically vulnerable children in Uganda, Volume 47, Part 2, pages 176–181 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.08.011.

[19] Baiq Fitri Ariani (2018), The Influence of Financial Literacy, Financial Behaviour and Income on Investment Decision. Economics and Accounting Journal Vol.1, No.1.

[20] Faoziah Haji Idris, Sarojani Devi Krishan & Norfiza Azmi (2013), Relationship between financial literacy and financial distress among youths in Malaysia- An Empirical Study. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, issue (4 (106-117) ISSN 2180-2491.

[21] Action for Livelihood Enhancement in Northern Uganda (ALENU) Training Guide, (2020), Village Savings and Loans Association Manual. https://www.afard.net/publications/manuals/173-final-alenu-vsla-training-manual-2020/file).

[22] Angeta Wilfred (2011). The performance of Village Saving and Loan Associations and Economic Empowerment of members at Akadot Parish Mujuju Sub-County Tororo, Uganda.

[23] The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (2016), Financial management and business success a guide for entrepreneurs. www.accaglobal.com.

Abstract:

This paper examined the effect of human resource management on the performance of public sector organizations with the mediating effect of the work-life balance of the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue (FIRS). The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) regarding work-life balance and to examine the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance. The study also investigated the challenges of work-life balance faced by Human Resource Management in FIRS and suggested probable measures to improve the HRM system at FIRS. The study was hinged on the Easton System theory of 1979. The study adopted a quantitative survey with data collected from one hundred and thirty-two (132) respondents from the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Findings from the study reveal that there is an average level of practices of HRM regarding work-life balance in FIRS. Further, the findings revealed that the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance is poor. It also revealed that challenges include employers’ difficult policies and practices, lack of duty control, unsupportive employee relationships, inadequate human resources, increasingwork–life pressures, and high-stress levels. The study, therefore, recommends that the organization employs strategies that will boost staff morale, motivate workers, reduce absenteeism, and improve organizational productivity. This can be done through an efficiently managed work-life balance among employees at FIRS.

References:

[1] Collins, H., & McNulty, Y. (2020). Insider status: (Re) framing researcher positionality in international human resource management studies. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(2), 202-227.

[2] Gontur, S., Bako H. D., Davireng, M. Jingak. D.E. (2020). Effect of human resource management practices on employee retention: the Nigerian experience in care – giving practice. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) 22 (11), 20-32. Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org.

[3] Misau, Y., Al-Sadat, N., Gerei, A. B (2020). Brain-drain and health care delivery in developing countries. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 10(9), 201-211.

[4] Kinyili, J. M. (2015). Role of human resource management practices on retention of staff in public health institutions in Machakos County, Kenya. Ph.D. Dissertation of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.

[5] Mmakwe, K. A. & Ojiabo, U. (2018). Work-life balance and employee performance in Nigerian Banks, Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Social & Management Sciences 4(1), 107-119.

[6] Ulasi, U.A. (2011). Human resource management and productivity in Nigeria public sector. Master’s Thesis. Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enuguu.

[7] Onodugo, V.A. (2018). Management Fundamentals; Concepts, Principles and Practices, Enugu, Eldmark Publishers Ltd.

[8] Johari, J., Yean Tan, F. & TjikZulkarnain, Z.I. (2018). Autonomy workload, work-life balance, and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management. 32(1)107-120, https://doi:10.1108/IJEM-10-2016-0226.

[9] Abdulkadir, L. (2018). Influence of work-life balance on employee performance at the cabinet affairs office, Kenya. Masters’ Thesis. Human Resource Management Thesis, School of Business of the University of Nairobi.

[10] Abdullah, N. N., & Othman, M. B. (2019). Examining the effects of intellectual capital on the performance of Malaysian food and beverage small and medium-sized enterprises. Technology (IJCIET), 10(2), 135-143.

[11] Work-life balance: strategies for attaining and maintaining work-life balance. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 8-13.

[12] Ako, Eyong. (2018). The Impact of Work Life Balance as Strategic Human Resources Management Policy in Private Sector Organisations of Cameroon. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3238647 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3238647.

[13] Occupational stress (2018): A review on conceptualisations, causes and cure. Economic insights-trends & challenges, 65(3), 73-80. Retrieved from http://www.upg-bulletin-se.ro/.

[14] Fontinha, R., Easton, S. & Van Laar, D. (2017). Overtime and quality of work-life in academics and non-academics: the role of perceived work-life balance. International Journal of Stress Management, In Press.

[15] Wong, P. Y., Bandar, N. F. A. & Saili, J. (2017). Workplace factors and work-life balance among employees in the selected services sector. International journal of business and society, 18(4), 677-684.

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Abstract:

This article interrogates the contextual relevance and application of evaluation steering in a strategy implementation discourse by local NGOs in Uganda. The study hinges on the assumption that evaluation outputs from local NGOs are often less utilized due to inept leadership, yet critical programmatic and policy issues of strategic relevance can best be utilized through a steering score. The study’s main purpose was to examine the relationship between evaluation steering and the strategy performance of local NGOs. The study drew findings from a cross-sectional study conducted using quantitative methods. In total, 349 participants comprising of field workers, mid-level staff, and executives from local NGOs from all parts of Uganda, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results of the study showed that there was a positive correlation between evaluation steering and strategy performance constructs of fund stability (r = .243**), community satisfaction (r = .201**), and timeliness (r=.134**). The study concludes that evaluation steering has a high potential to improve fund stability, community satisfaction, and timeliness despite a weaker level of positive correlations. The national NGO bureau and NGO associations should establish executive capacity-building initiatives to support local NGOs to overcome the weakness in the current evaluation steering process. Consultants, volunteers, and NGO forums should advocate for donor resources to deepen organizational development, which supports an effective steering process.

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