Abstract:

The aims of this paper was to review a theoretical model useful for developing nursing knowledge in relation to nurse–patient interactions, Nurses are favorably viewed by the society, most often as virtuous, benevolent, angelic and admirable. Nurses have been stereotyped positively as ‘ministering angels’. This positive view of the profession is frequently experienced first-hand in the clinical practice.

The interaction between a nurse and the patient is in about four phases as defined by Peplau this includes- Orientation, Identification, Exploitation and Resolution, although these phases are defined separately, there is a considerable level of overlap between them. Issues such as power, the socio-cultural context, and interpersonal competence are shown to be important in the quality of nurse– patient interactions and nurses need to take cognizance of these factors in their interactions with patients.

Method: A review of the literature on nurse–patient interaction was carried out to and areas for further studies identified.

The literature was reviewed from the following perspectives, (1) nurse communication within the nurse–patient interaction, (2) nurse– patient interaction, (3) patient perception of the nurse– patient interaction, and (4) patient care-seeking communication.

Theoretical model: Peplau’s theory of Psychodynamic nursing.

Results: Nurse–patient interaction is a central element of clinical nursing practice. This paper shows how Peplau’s model can be used as a theoretical framework for understanding nurse– patient communication.

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Abstract:

HIV/AIDS place a huge burden on the health and national development of Sub-African nation and Nigeria is not left out. Apart from being a public health concern, it is a threat to national security, affecting and disturbing social and economic order as well as putting national survival at stake. The fight against AIDS has been given top priority by the Nigerian Government and a multi-sectoral approach to fight the problem. (United National AIDS Survey, 2008). Although various intervention programmes such as President Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), United State AIDS Intervention Programme to halt AIDS transmission, National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA) and the HIV/AIDS Emergency Action Plan developed in 2001 have been established to fight the spread of HIV/AIDS and regardless of the increase funding, political commitment and progress in expanding HIV/AIDS treatment, HIV/AIDS has output the global response.

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Abstract:

The study was carried out to examine effective implementation of rehabilitation therapy for in-patients of Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria. Four objectives and four research questions were formulated to guide the study. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of study comprised of 150 in-patients in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 stable in-mates for this study. An instrument titled "Effectiveness of Implementation of Rehabilitation Therapy for in-patients of Federal Psychiatric Hospital Calabar”, was used for data collection. Simple percentages, mean, standard deviation and r-value of Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used for answering the research questions, the result of the study revealed that there are few rehabilitation programmes available for the patients. The result also revealed that the patients have positive attitude towards the rehabilitation programmes. The result further revealed that parent's level of involvement in the rehabilitation programme is low. And lastly, the result revealed that there is a relationship between instructors' qualification and effective implementation of the rehabilitation therapy. Based on the findings, it was concluded that rehabilitation programmes are effectively implemented in the Federal Psychiatric Hospital Calabar, Nigeria. It was recommended among other things that more rehabilitation programmes should be introduced into the hospital, this will help to meet the needs of the various patients.

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Abstract:

The article outlines the effects transformational leaders impart among their followers. The outcomes inspired and aligned values obtained along with those of the organization. The purpose of the article, to give correct data on how transformational leadership affects self and personal outcomes; the need for personal advances, increased job satisfaction and both interpersonal and social relations. The article analyzed self-image and its impact on relations in the workplace. The last section reviewed recent advances related to the topic. The literature reviewed provided definitions of key terms. Many sub-sections, headings used to guide the reading process.

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Abstract:

The vicious cycle between stress and infertility was developed on the basis of a Quasi experimental study in Kerala, India on “Quality of life of couples with infertility before and after adoption of child”. A pre test post test control group design was used in the study. The study was designed to investigate the effect of adoption on quality of life of infertile couples. One of the dependent variables of the study was psychological distress. The major objective of the study was to identify the effect of adoption on psychological distress among infertile couples. The study investigated the perceived psychological distress and assessed the difference in level of psychological distress among couples at various points after adoption among Indian infertile couples. It is noticed that some couples who are medically certified as infertile, which is a mandatory document for adoption spontaneously conceive after adoption. Though infertility is considered and managed as a physical entity, the psychological component which has a vital role is often neglected or overlooked. An effective reduction in psychological stress will not unblock obstructed fallopian tubes, create sperm or resurrect declining ovaries but may help fertility problems of an unexplained or hormonal nature.¹ The study explains the phenomena behind spontaneous conception after adoption. The improvement in the wellbeing of couples experienced after adoption may improve reproductive functions and fertility among couples which points to the possibility for better outcome of infertility treatment or even spontaneous conception after adoption. This study invites attention to the psychological component of infertility.

References:

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[3]. Hassani F. Psychology of Infertility and comparison between two couple therapies in infertile pairs. Inter. J of Innovation, Management and Technology. 2010; 32 (1): 67 – 78.

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[8]. McGrady. Effects of psychological stress on male reproduction – A review. Arch. of Andrology. 2008; 13(1): 1 – 7.

[9]. Valerie A, Hart E. Infertility and role of psychotherapy. Issues in Ment. Health Nursing. 2002; 23(1) 31 – 41.

[10]. Weir K. The magnifying effect: The recursive benefits of marriage and adoption throughout the adoptive family life cycle. J. of Adop. Family Life Cycle 2004; 101(4): 136 – 39.

Abstract:

The research is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted at school of Nursing and Midwifery Mkar, Gboko Benue State, North Central Nigeria to study the attitude of student nurses and midwives towards research study. The specific objectives of the study were: to assess students’ knowledge on importance of research in client care, to determine the attitude of students towards research study, to identify reasons for frequent repetition of some research topics among students and to find out barriers to effective research study among students. The study will help the students to have positive look towards research thereby helping them to develop a positive attitude towards research in order to maintain evidence base practice in Nursing. Simple probability sampling technique was used in selection of samples used for the study. Data were collected from the respondents through self-structured and validated questionnaire. Data obtained were presented and analyzed using frequency distribution table. Based on the findings, all the students are aware of importance of research in client care but attitudes towards research is unfavorable as most of the students believe that research in general is difficult and time consuming, hence their cold attitude towards research. This research also find out that one of the reasons for frequent repetition of some research topics is because of excessive academic workload which leave them with little time for research work. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: that more time should be allocated for research studies in nursing and midwifery schools, thus helping the students develop interest in research; the students must also change their attitude towards research in order to learn and practice evidence based nursing.

References:

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[2]. Adamsen l., Larsen K. and Bjerregaard L. (2006), Moving Forward as Nurses Through Research. Retrieved 6th April 2014 from www.vbn.aau.dk./../export.html

[3]. Alba G. (2009), Identifying the Barriers and Opportunity for the Implementation of Research Retrieved 16th April 2014 uwspace.uwter100.ca/handle/10012/4549.

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[5]. Bosa J.C. (2012) Introduction to Research Methodology in Health Education. Tina Chin Enterprises, Ikeja Lagos Nigeria.

[6]. Khalid, M. A., Noura, A. M., Dara, S. A., Nermeen, A., and Adwa S.A. (2014) Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices towards Research Among Senior Medical Students. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 2 P. 113-117

[7]. Lilian, K. Y. (2012) A Study of the Attitudes, Self-efficacy, Effort and Academic Achievement of City University Students Towards Research Methods and Statistics. SS Student E-Journal Vol.1, p.154-183.

[8]. Martyn S. (2008) Definition of Research. Retrieved 3rd April 2014 from www.explorable.com/definition of – research.

[9]. Marita G. T (2013) Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation. Free press New York.

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[12]. Ofoegbu V. I (2009) Concise Text on Research Methods and Elementary Statistics. 2nd Edition. Ocean Press, New Market Road, Nkpor

[13]. Orjih, J. (2009) Business Research Methodology. Meteson Publicity Company, Maryland, Enugu.

[14]. Oskamp S. and Schultz P. (2005), Attitude and Opinions. 3rd Edition. Mah.wah, Nj.

[15]. Polit, D. F and Beck, C. T (2010) Essentials of Nursing Research, Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Seventh Edition. Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

[16]. Royal College of Nursing (2009), Research Ethics; RCN Guidance for Nurses. Retrieved 24th March from www.rcn.org.uk/../003/38/pdf.

[17]. Sadia, S., Aishah, S., Muhammad, A., and Rafaqat, A. B. (2014) Postgraduate Students’ Attitudes Towards Research. Bulletin of Education and Research, Vol. 36 No.1pp. 111-122.

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Abstract:

This paper evaluates third year student nurses’ attitude towards research at Ndola school of nursing. Research has been described as a keystone of service delivery. What is the attitude of student nurses towards research?

Methodology: A non-experimental descriptive cross section study conducted among all (43) third year student nurses between 26^th march and 8^th April 2015. Convenient sampling was done. Semi-structured questionnaire used. Qualitative and quantitative data analyzed through Content analysis and Epi-data version 3.

Results: Eighty-six percent of the respondents were females, while 14% were males and 65.9% were aged 18-30 years. Findings revealed that 55% don’t like research and 72.7% had poor attitude. Problems encountered comprised; time consuming 57%, don’t know methodology 18%, difficult 16%, expensive 7% and 2% lacked interest. Additionally, 68% of respondents would conduct own research and 91% would utilize other people’s findings. However, 75% have never read a scientific journal. Suggestions are: allocation of more time, simply the content, introduce at degree level, improve access to computers and library at 47.7%,27.2%,13.6%, 6.8% and 4.5% respectively.

Discussion: Over 50% of respondents were uninterested in research due to factors like time consuming and minimal knowledge on methodology and poor attitude. However, they showed interest to conduct research at a later stage in their career. Therefore, there is need to employ social marketing strategies in research using public health communication tool.

Conclusion: Student nurses lack interest in research and their attitude is influenced by problems encountered, which should be changed through social marketing of research.

References:

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[15]. Singchungchai Petchnoy Prof. / DR & Chatermwanapong Salee Prof., Factors Influencing Research Experience among Professional Nurses in the Southern Regional Hospitals of Thailand. Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.

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Abstract:

The relationship between nursing and maternal health presents a legitimate policy discussion. In this qualitative descriptive study, the views of nurse experts on the current status of nursing and midwifery education, and workforce development issues as they relate to maternal health in Nigeria was explored. Focus was on experts as they constitute important players in policy decisions related to nursing workforce and maternal health services delivery. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze interview data. The findings of this study indicated that nursing and midwifery schools utilize a rigorous curriculum mandated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN). It was also found that nursing workforce development is plagued by pedagogical issues, gender issues, and multi‐faceted health systems challenges. These findings suggest that Nigerian nursing workforce is highly unstable and broader policies on workforce training, recruitment and retention are needed to improve maternal health outcomes.

References:

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Abstract:

Background/Purpose: Peer support program for cancer clients was well known and accepted one all over the world. In India peer support for cancer is informal and not as a support model in care. Clients show good coping with peer support. A journey started with an aim of bringing in standard training program for peer support in India and to make them as part of healing team.

Methods: A Training module was prepared with expert validation. The criteria’s for becoming volunteer were completed treatment successfully, healthy on regular follow up, completed at least primary education and willing to spend one hour in a day. A 2 half day workshop with pre test of self rated skill checklist followed by post test evaluation of self after one month and client rating of satisfaction with peer was planned. Incentives were provided for undergoing the training and also for providing peer support. Informed consent was obtained.

Results: Peer identification process was a huge challenge as people are stigmatized over the diagnosis and not willing to volunteer even with incentives. In about 3 months, 40 eligible clients were asked and only 5 clients with breast cancer consented for training. Training was given and they faced difficulty with providing face to face support which was changed into telephonic support. Clients and peers expressed satisfaction over the process. The Initial hiccup was overcome and now many volunteers willing to undergo training.

Conclusion: A formal training program for peer support has been initiated in India and effectiveness is being tested with a randomized trial and results so far are promising for the care of clients with cancer.

References:

[1.] Abraham, A. (n.d.). Cancer support. Nursing Standard: Official Newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing, 22(34), 59.

[2.] Bisson, J. I. (2009). Systematic Review of Psychological First Aid. Mhpss.Net. Retrieved from http://mhpss.net/wp-content/uploads/group-documents/148/1321872322-PFASystematicReviewBissonCatrin.pdf

[3.] Brymer, M., Jacobs, a, Layne, C., Pynoos, R., Ruzek, J., Steinberg, a, … Watson, P. (2006). National Child Traumatic Stress Network and National Center for PTSD. Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide. 2nd Edition.

[4.] Campbell, H. S., Phaneuf, M. R., & Deane, K. (2004). Cancer peer support programs-do they work? Patient Education and Counseling, 55(1), 3–15. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2003.10.001

[5.] Giese-Davis, J., Bliss-Isberg, C., Carson, K., Star, P., Donaghy, J., Cordova, M. J., … Spiegel, D. (2006). The effect of peer counseling on quality of life following diagnosis of breast cancer: An observational study. Psycho-Oncology, 15(11), 1014–1022. http://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1037

[6.] Griesser, V. (2010). Prostate cancer Peer support groups: the Geneva experience, (September).

[7.] Georgia Peer Support Project. “Code of Ethics for Certified Peer Supporters. http://www.disabilitylink.org/docs/psp/Code%20of%20Ethics.html. Accessed 15 February 2008.

[8.] Hoey, L. M., Ieropoli, S. C., White, V. M., & Jefford, M. (2008). Systematic review of peer-support programs for people with cancer. Patient Education and Counseling, 70(3), 315–337. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.016

[9.] Høybye, M. T., Dalton, S. O., Deltour, I., Bidstrup, P. E., Frederiksen, K., & Johansen, C. (2010). Effect of Internet peer-support groups on psychosocial adjustment to cancer: a randomised study. British Journal of Cancer, 102(9), 1348–1354. http://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605646

[10.] Mitchell, A. J., Ferguson, D. W., Gill, J., Paul, J., & Symonds, P. (2013). Depression and anxiety in long-term cancer survivors compared with spouses and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Oncology, 14(8), 721–732. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70244-4

[11.] Parlewar, R., Rathore, M., Dadwal, D., Prasad, H., & Medical, G. (2012). Global Journal of Medicine. Global Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 1(June), 24–28.

[12.] Peer Support. (2009). Science. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5910.12l

[13.] Prefecture, D., & Nan, Y. (2007). HIV and AIDS Peer Education and Life Skills Training Workshop ( A Training Guide ) June 2007, (June), 0–58.

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Abstract:

This study was carried out in other to review nursing education and its administration in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. The aim is to determine how nurses view the ever expected shift from hospital based nursing training to University nursing education. The transformation and the overall outcome of this change on the health sector and the clients. The research will be of great assistance to all cadres of nurses who wish to advance their career to the highest grade. A random sampling technique was employed in selecting respondents. A total number of 200 questionnaires were distributed and 191 were returned after filling by respondents. Based on educational level, 85% are diploma holders, while 15% (30) respondents are BNS holders. fig.4.1 shows that 95% are fully aware of university education. About 65% of respondents also argued that nurses could be good administrators. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that nurses should be encouraged to improve on their education so as to be able to face challenges facing the health sectors in the 21st century. Such challenges include advancement in medicine and nursing giving room to tele nursing and e-conferencing.

References:

[1.] Adedokun, J.A (2006) Educational Accountability a Majority way to achieve effective National Economic empowerment and development strategy (NEEDS) Akoka Journal of Education (Ajoed).

[2.] Adedokun, J.A (2003). Essentials of Research methodology (First Edition), Sagamu, The stronghold (Nig.) Educational publishers. 2nd

[3.] Basavanthappa B.T (2009) Nursing administration Ed. J.P Brothers Medical Publisher Ltd New Delhi, India. P. 1-15.

[4.] Gareth R. Jones et al (2003). Contemporary Management 3rd ed library of congress cataloguing publishers. Historical review of nursing education in Nigeria.

[5.] james. S. Ode I and Sa’ola O. (2007) Introduction to communication for Business and Organization, University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria.

www.nanm.com www.kn.ch www.nmc.nigeria.org

Abstract:

The following review is an attempt to critically analyses the article ‘Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Fiji: prospective surveillance, 2005–2007’ first published in the Medical Journal of Australia in 2009. The article is by local Fijian authors and highly relevant as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) contribute highly to the burden of disease in Fiji. The mentioned diseases also contribute greatly to admission numbers and mortality in third world countries like Fiji and are always regarded as areas of special interest as these diseases are virtually extinct in developed countries with NZ and Australia being exceptions. A thorough summary of the article will be provided and this will be followed by analysis of the article’s structure with critique of how the information is set out and whether the findings are efficiently imparted to the interested reader. The review also sets to critique the content mainly with regards to accuracy, objectivity, general coverage and evaluation of its authority. It also explores the author credibility and their insights into the need for such a research. Overall, the topic was a well-chosen one and the article itself is well written, concise and extremely relevant. 

References:

[1.] Steer AC, Kado J, Jenney AW, Batzloff M, Waqatakirewa L, Mulholland EK and Carapetis J.( 2009).Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Fiji: prospective surveillance, 2005–2007, Medical Journal of Australia, vol 190:133-135,

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2009/190/3/acute-rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease-fiji-prospective-surveillance

[2.] Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M, (2005). The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Disease, vol 5: 685-694,

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(05)70267-X/abstract

[3.] Carapetis JR, Currie BJ, (2001). Rheumatic fever in a high incidence population: the importance of monoarthritis and low grade fever. Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol 85: 223-227,

http://adc.bmj.com/content/85/3/223.long

[4.] Seckeler, M. D., & Hoke, T. R. (2011). The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Clinical Epidemiology, vol 3: 67–84. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S12977,

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046187/?report=reader

[5.] Gray C, Thomson N (2013) Review of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among Indigenous Australians. Retrieved [20 August 2015] from

http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/chronic-conditions/cvd/reviews/our-review-rhd

[6.] Kumar, R. K., & Tandon, R. (2013). Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: The last 50 years. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol 137(4), 643–658.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724245/?report=reader

[7.] Viali S. (2006) Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Samoa. Pacific Health Dialogue, vol 2:31-38.

https://www.rnzcgp.org.nz/assets/documents/Publications/JPHC/February-2014/JPHCVaikoloaMarch2014.pdf

[8.] Cunningham, M. W. (2012). Streptococcus and rheumatic fever. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, vol 24(4), 408–416.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3645882/

[9.] Marijon E, Mirabel M, Celermajer DS, Jouven X. (2012) Rheumatic heart disease. The Lancet, vol 10:379(9819):953-64.

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61171-9/fulltext

[10.] Viali S1, Saena P, Futi V. (2011) Rheumatic Fever Programme in Samoa. The New Zealand Medical Journal, vol 124: 26-35.

https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2011/vol-124-no-1329/article-viali

[11.] Henningham A, Gillen CM, Walker MJ. (2013). Group a streptococcal vaccine candidates: potential for the development of a human vaccine. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 368:207-242. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F82_2012_284#

Abstract:

Violence against nurses is a complex and persistent occupational hazard facing the nursing profession. The job sector with the mission to care for people appears to be at the highest risk of workplace violence. Nurses are among the most assaulted workers in the Nigeria workforce. Too frequently, nurses are exposed to violence – primarily from patients, patients’ families, visitors and other health care workers. This violence can take the form of intimidation, harassment, stalking, beatings, stabbings, shootings, and other forms of assault. Violence, aggression, and harassment exist in virtually all workplace and this not only affect the individual’s health and morale, it negatively affects productivity due to reduced morale and motivation (Azodo et al., 2011, Vittorio, 2003). It has been shown that workplace violence affects every professional group in every country and sometimes to an ‘epidemic’ extent(Gates 2004; Mohamad and Motasem 2012). In the health care sector, all categories of healthcare workers are at risk of violence though at different degrees with the nurses having up to three times higher than others (Abbas et al., 2010; Azodo The purpose of this project work is to point out some of the violence melted against nurses and to conduct a review and assessment of the problem of violence against nurses. Analysis presented within this research work is based on complains and write up in various State in Nigeria Hospitals and clinic. Finally, recommendations integrating the analysis and literature review. The recommendations contained herein address regulatory issues, educational programs, nursing practice interventions, and data collection and dissemination issues as they relate to the problem of violence against nurses.

References:

[1.] Bandura, A., 1973. Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Berkowitz, L., 1962. Aggression: A Social, Psychological Analysis. McGraw Hill, New York.

[2.] Ogbonnaya GU, Ukegbu AU, Aguwa EN et al (2012).A study on workplace violence against health workers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Nig. J. of Med., 21(2):174 - 179.

[3.] Bioulac, B., Benezech, M., Renaud, B., Noel, B., Roche, D., 1980. Seretoninergic dysfunction in the 47, XW syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 15 (6), 917–923.

[4.] Bjorn, P., 1991. An approach to the potentially violent patient. Journal of Emergency Nursing 17 (5), 336–339.

[5.] Bowers, L., Whittington, R., Almvik, R., Bergman, B., Oud, N., Savio, M., 1999. A European perspective on psychiatric nursing and violent incidents: management, education and service organisation. International Journal of Nursing studies 36, 217–222.

[6.] Brennan, W., 2001. Dealing with verbal abuse. Emergency Nurse 9 (5), 15–17. Bylinsky, G., 1982. New clues to the causes of violence. In: Krebs, D. (Ed.), Readings in social psychology: contemporary perspectives, second ed. Harper and Row, Cambridge MA. Cameron, L., 1998. Verb

[7.] Nursing World Nigeria Limited (Nigeria) Address 100, Aba Owerri Road, Umungasi, Aba North, Abia Phone 08131183065

Website www.nursingworldnigeria.com

Abstract:

Abortion has a long history and can be traced back to civilizations; and according to Wikipedia, it is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. An abortion can be spontaneous, or induced. Spontaneous abortion, also known as miscarriage, is the unintentional expulsion of an embryo or fetus before the 20th to 22nd week of gestation. The most common cause of spontaneous abortion during the first trimester is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo/fetus, accounting for at least 50% of sampled early pregnancy losses. Statistics collected from the Regional Hospital Bamenda (Cameroon) shows that in 2010, out of 360 cases of spontaneous abortion recorded 257 (71%) were threatened abortion out of which 103 (40%) ended in miscarriages, i.e. in the expulsion of the embryo or fetus. Similarly in 2011, out of 753 cases of spontaneous abortion registered, 545 (72%) were threatened abortion and out of which 208 (38%) ended in miscarriages.

“Do health care providers know their role in the prevention of spontaneous abortion?” The answer to this question will find its source in the attainment of the main objective which is to assess the knowledge of Health Care Providers on their role in the prevention of SA.

It is based on the Virginia Henderson conceptual model that we frame a directive pattern to this important project.

Man as an individual, is defined by Virginia Henderson as “a bio‐psychosocial being, a unified whole, and presenting with 14 fundamental needs. 2 of the needs will direct and make the cue of this study as follows:

·         Need to communicate with others

·         Need to learn and understand

The use of structured questionnaires helped to collect information from the respondents in order to reflect the specific objectives of the study. In assessing the knowledge of HCPs, only 16 responses were gotten, instead of 39 responses expected from them. This may show a lack of knowledge, even for those who said knew about. For the prevention of SA, it is observed that psychological care at the prenatal period may be out of practice. Only 2(8%) respondents talked of alleviating anxiety, forgetting that this should be coupled with education and adequate medication administration. To conclude, it is worth noting that HCPs are poorly knowledgeable on their role in the prevention of SA, thus contribute to less significantly in the decrease of its prevalence.

References:

[1.] Elizabeth J. Dickason, 1975. Maternal and Infant care. “A blakiston publication”, USA.

[2.] Douglas G. Wilson Clyne, 1959. A concise textbook for midwives, 1^st edition. 24 rural Square London.

[3.] Barbara F. Weller. Bailliere’s Nurses’ Dictionary for nurses and health care workers, 24^th edition. London, UK.

[4.] http://en.m.wikipedia.or/wiki/abortion

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[9.] http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/artesunate#cite_note-8

[10.] http://www.patient.co.uk

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[10.] somah@ncat.edu

[11.] www.google.com/fr

Abstract:

AIDS is a syndrome that continues to generate fears, misconceptions, misunderstanding, and discrimination because of stigma, rejection and isolation. Respect for the dignity, privacy and confidentiality of anyone who seeks health care is a fundamental right. The client/patient therefore, has the right to considerate and respectful care and the right for his/her privacy and confidentiality maintained. However the clients/patient with Hiv/Aids is often denied these rights. T hey are usually discriminate against, made to go mandatory HIV testing and their serostatus testing revealed without their consent. These are violations of their rights and the healthcare provider who do such are not only violating the ethics of their profession, but could also be found liable by a court of law.

References:

[1.] Hivinsite.ucs.edu/insite

[2.] Jackson and Hunter .N the very fabric of health care: the duty of the healthcare provider to treat people infected by HIV. In hunter N. and Rubinstein’s (eds) AIDS agenda: emerging in civil rights. New York. The new York press, 1992; 123-146

[3.] Medind.nic.in/ibo/10812p63pdf

[4.] R educing the impact of Hiv/aids on nursing and midwifery personnel,

www.icn.ch./images/stories/documents/publications/guidelines.guidelinereducingaids pdf

[5.] tau lectuer materials

[6.] International council of nurses. Report of conference on Hiv/Aids. Geneva, 1994 I.C.N (p.17)

[7.] Jackson M. & Hunter: the fabric of health care: the duty of healthcare provider to treat people with infected by HIV. In Hunter & Rubistein. W (eds).AIDS agenda: emerging issues in civil right. New York, the new press 1992. p 123-146

Abstract:

The study focused on the male involvement in utilization of safe motherhood services of their spouses in Ilesa East Local Government, Osun state. It assessed the level of married men’s involvement in ante, intra and post-partum health care, the relationship between selected demographic factors and a review of identified barriers to safe motherhood services utilization. It also examined the barriers to male involvement in maternal health care in Ilesa East Local Government.

A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed using a semi structured questionnaire to gather information from 500 married men with at least one child. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.

References:

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[5.] Bankole A and Singh S. (2008)couples’ fertility and contraceptive decision-making in developing countries: hearing the man’s voice. International family planning perspectives; 24 (1): 15-24

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[8.] Beckman, L. , (2003). Communication, power and the influence of social networks in couple decisions on fertility. In: Bulatao, R.A., Lee, R.D., Hollerbach, P.E., and Bongaarts, J., eds. Determinants of fertility in developing countries. Vol. 2: Fertility regulation and institutional influences. New York, Academic Pressp. 415-443

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Abstract:

Human resources for health are known as one of the core building blocks for health care system. The health care system is facing a serious challenge of the lack of human resources. It is very difficult to put the model of qualified and right people in the right place in Pakistan because of rapid growing of population. The existing health institutions, facilities and services are not sufficient to cope with the health care provision to all people in Pakistan. Retention of nurses in health care system is a main concern to nursing communities throughout the world. Pakistan has made a big step in getting better access to health services since its independence and development of public health in the country at partition era in 1947. Although Pakistan is in the list of developing countries where the health care system is still on life support in which nurses have significant role in Human Resource for Health (HRH). Advanced Nursing Services in Pakistan needs to meet the health requirements of community and to face future challenges in health care setting. But shortage of nurses has been a constant challenge for nursing profession in many countries including Pakistan.

Although nursing is a noble profession, but our gender prejudices, negligence and ill-treatment has caused enormous damage to it. A big cause of migration of nurses from Pakistan to gulf- countries is due to the reason that nursing has bright future in such places and is given its due respect. It is important to give the identification, value and required facilities to this profession as it will benefit the society at vast level.

References:

[1.] Ahmad, M., Naeem, M., Shahid, M., & Shaukat. (2013 ) Public Health Issues in Pakistan. Pjhsonline.com

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[3.] Bucchan, J. A. (2008). Solving nursing shortage: a common priority. Journal of clinical Nursing. 17 (24) 3265- 8

[4.] Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2004. Human Resources for Health: Overcoming the Crisis. Joint Learning Initiative

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Abstract:

Background: Stress is increasingly recognized as one of the most serious occupational health hazard for critical care nurses. Failure of proper stress management among nurses has a huge impact to health care delivery and quality outcome, it also results in increased health care cost hence poverty and poor economy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify prevalence of stress and various stressors, among the critical care nurses

Methods: A cross-sectional survey using quantitative research methods were used, where by 65 nurses who are working in critical care units were interviewed by using structured questionnaire consisting of close ended questions Since ICU nurses were 100 in number they were both targeted to be recruited from the study, but only 65 nurses were the one who returned the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of data questionnaires were tested to 10 ICU nurses at MOI. The collected data were analyzed using the computer software program (SPSS version 16.0).

Results: Study finding reveals that a variety of factors influence stress among ICU nurses at MNH. Among these, working environment, workload, interpersonal relationship as well as personal characteristics are identified to cause stress. Under personal characteristics knowledge and confidence as well as working as a team leader, performing or preparing sterile procedures like dressing, ETT suctioning, bronchoscope, CVP/AL insertion and dealing with machines that support patient breathing and others for hemodynamic monitoring (67.7%, 72.3% and 78.5% respectively) are among the stressors mentioned. Additionally, out of work for the past six months is also reported of which 75% of respondents reported that they to be out of work for the past six months.

This is really a large number of staff since 25% of the remaining staff is most likely to be overloaded with work hence affecting productivity, performance and quality outcome of the services.

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Abstract:

Namibia as a country is not an exception to adverse events due to inadequately managed beside handover. The country has similar contributing factors which may cripple the inefficiency of patient handover, for instance high patient turnover in wards, lack of specific handover guidelines in public hospital settings. Bedside handover are overlooked in its importance as in the case of Namibia where it can be regarded as the possible cause of death (that is still under investigation). From this study support this phenomenon as 60% of the respondents indicated that they are neutral on such a high-risk matter where they were supposed to be highly alerted. Currently, bedside handover in public hospitals is a day-to-day communication event by the health professionals. However, in Namibia information conveyed is not structured and the patient participation is not stressed. There is a constant outcry of the implications of inadequate bedside handover in the public health facilities. A recent example which ended up in litigation is where a registered nurse was involved with a high risk pregnant woman who was admitted to a public hospital for an elective caesarean section for the following day, but since it was a public holiday (May 1), the operation was not performed. Subsequently the patient died (New Era, 29 April 2014). This case is possibly a result of miscommunication during the handover process and shows a lack of accountability. 

References:

[1.] American Medical Association. Opinion 10.05 Potential patients. Code of Medical Ethics. Available at: Potential Patients. Accessed April 24, 2006. Bomba DTPR. A description of handover processes in an Australian public hospital. Aust Health Rev 2005; 29:68–79.

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[http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/WHO-Collaborating-Centre-for-Patient-Safety-Solutions/]

[16.] Wood K, Crouch R, Rowland E, Pope C (2014) Clinical handovers between prehospital and hospital staff: literature review. Emerg Med J. 2014 Sep 1. pii: emermed-2013-203165. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2013-203165.

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[18.] Jeffcott, S.A., Evans, S.M., Cameron, P.A., Chin, G. & Ibrahim, J.E. 2009. Improving measurement in clinical handover. Quality & Safety in Health Care. 18(4):272-277.

[19.] McCann, L., McHardy, K. & Child, S. 2007. Passing the buck: clinical handovers at a tertiary hospital. New Zealand Medical Journal. 120(1264):U2778-U2778.

[20.] McMurray, A., Chaboyer, W., Wallis, M. & Fetherston, C. 2010. Implementing bedside handover: strategies for change management. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 19(17):2580-2589.

[21.] O'Connell, B. & Penney, W. 2001. Challenging the handover ritual: recommendations for research and practice. Collegian. 8(3):14-18. O'Connell, B., Macdonald, K. & Kelly, C. 2008.

[22.] Parker, J. 1996. Handovers in a changing health care climate. Nursing Journal. 4(5):22-26.

[23.] Webster, J. 1999. Practitioner-centred research: an evaluation of the implementation of the bedside hand-over. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 30(6):1375-1382.

[24.] Wilson, M.J. 2007. A template for safe and concise handovers. MEDSURG Nursing. 16(3):201‐200.

[25.] Med J Aust. 2009 Jun 1;190(11 Suppl):S157-60. Examining communication and team performance during clinical handover in a complex environment: the private sector post-anaesthetic care unit.

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[27.] A McQuide1*, Riitta-Liisa Kolehmainen-Aitken2 and Norbert Forster Human Resources for Health 2013, 11:64 doi:10.1186/1478-4491-11-64 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/11/1/64

[28.] Chaboyer W, McMurray A, Wallis M. Bedside nursing handover: A case study. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16:27-34.

[29.] Kerr MP. A qualitative study of shift handover practice and function from a socio-technical perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2002;37(2):125-34 Wolf Z. Learning the professional jargon of nursing during change of shift report. Holistic Nursing Practice. 1989;4:78-83.

Abstract:

The excerpted literature is a fraction of Part 2, Habit 2 of the book “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People”. It discusses about the particular sense and explanation or rationalization of the meaning of Habit 2. To lead the readers into better position of understanding and broader perception of what it means to “Begin with the end in mind”, the author establishes the clarity, definitions, and bases of common understanding between the reader and the author.

For an idea to be properly understood and digested by the readers, it is imperative for the author to provide a foundation of the facts, principles and definitions for the important matters being discussed about Habit 2 and its essence and significant connection to every contextual principle being considered and explained in the book.

The excerpt thus, elucidates the principles and bases on which habit 2 are based and founded upon. These explanations and bases help the readers to accurately understand the views and paradigms that the author is trying to convey to them. The extract explains that habit 2 is based on the principles of personal leadership and on the principle that “All things are created twice”, however, not all first creations are consciously designed by a person himself. The author illustrates that if we do not generate our self-awareness, we will always reactively live by the influence of other people, environment and pressures of circumstances. This influence was termed by the author as scripts handed to us in our early years. 

References:

[1.] American Psychological Association. (2010). Manuscript structure and content. In Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., pp.21-38). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (Education Library - Reference BF76.7 .A51 2010)

[2.] Bill Gordon: "A Closer Look at Stephen Covey and His 7 Habits" Apologetics Index. Retrieved December 23, 2007

[3.] Gandel, Stephen (August 9, 2011). Books”. Time. Retrieved January 4, 2011.

[4.] Harper, Lena M. (Summer 2012). "The Highly Effective Person". Marriott Alumni Magazine (Brigham Young University). Retrieved August 11, 2012. Covey, S. R. (1989). Organizing change: Upward Spiral. Free Press.

[5.] English, L (2004). "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Information Professionals, Part 7" (pdf). DM Review. September/October '04: 60–61. See for instance the chapter in Carolyn Simpson's High Performance through Negotiation.

[6.] Covey, S (2004). The Power of Character. Unlimited Publishing. p. 103.

[7.] Krayer, Karl J.; Lee, William Thomas (2003). Organizing change: an inclusive, systemic approach to maintain productivity and achieve results. San Diego: Pfeiffer. p. 238. 

Abstract:

This case study is about Master A. A, a 4 year old boy with sickle cell disease who was diagnosed of osteomyelitis with pathological fracture of the right humerus. Patient has been hospitalised before for dactylitis on the 7^th July, 2015, was treated and discharged home on the 16^th July, 2015. He was however readmitted via Children Outpatient Department of Oni and Son Memorial Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria on the 21^st July, 2015 on account of history of fever of 6 days duration and swelling of the distal 2/3 third of the left forearm, there was also swelling of the right upper hand which was associated with pain and loss of function. A provisional diagnosis of osteomyelitis with pathological fracture of the right humerus was made by the doctor in charge. He was later reviewed by the paediatric team and was admitted into Ward I for further investigations and proper management. Afterwards, Master A, A had cast applied on the right humerus due to the fracture as confirmed by the X-ray report. Nursing management was carried out by adopting Quality Care Model which was proposed by Duffy J. R (2005).

References:

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[2.] Arkader A, & Dormans JP (2010) Pathologic fractures associated with tumors and unique conditions of the musculoskeletal system. In: Beaty JH, Skaggs DL, Flynn JM, Waters K, eds. Rockwood and Wilkins’ fractures in children. Seventh ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,120–191.

[3.] Concia E.1, Prandini N, Massari L, Ghisellini F, Consoli V, Menichetti F & Lazzeri E. (2010) Osteomyelitis: clinical update for practical guidelines. Abstract Nucl Med Commun. Aug; 27(8):645-60.

[4.] Dormans J.P, & Pill S.G (2002) Fractures through bone cysts: unicameral bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, fibrous cortical defects, and non-ossifying fibromas. Instr Course Lect 51:457–467.

[5.] Duffy, J. R. (2005) Implementing the quality-caring model in acute care. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 35(1), 4-6.

[6.] Duffy, J. R., & Hoskins, L. M. (2003) The quality-caring model: Blending dual paradigms. ANS. Advances in Nursing Science, 26(1), 77-88.

[7.] GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.". Lancet 385: 117–171.

[8.] Jackson W.F, Theologis T.N, Gibbons C.L, Mathews S, & Kambouroglou G.(2007) Early management of pathological fractures in children. Injury 38:194–200.

[9.] Oniyangi O, & Omari A. A (2006). Oniyangi, Oluseyi, ed. "Malaria chemoprophylaxis in sickle cell disease". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 13 (4): CD003489.

[10.] Peabody T.D, & Simon M.A (1996). Making the diagnosis: keys to a successful biopsy in children with bone and soft-tissue tumors. Orthop Clin North Am ;27:453–459

[11.] Robinson J. (2014) WebMD, LLC Retrieved online 27^th August, 2015.

[12.] Snyder B.D, Hauser-Kara D.A, & Hipp J.A (2006) Predicting fracture through benign skeletal lesions with quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] ;88-A:55–70

[13.] WHO (2010). "Sickle-cell anaemia - Report by the Secretariat" Retrieved 4^th September,2015.

[14.] Wright, J. A. & Nair, S. P. (2010). Interaction of staphylococci with bone. Int J Med Microbiol 300, 193–204.

[15.] Yawn B.P, Buchanan G.R, Afenyi-Annan A.N, Ballas S.K, Hassell K.L, James A.H, Jordan L, Lanzkron S.M, Lottenberg R, Savage W.J, Tanabe P.J, Ware R.E, Murad M.H, Goldsmith J.C, Ortiz E, Fulwood R, Horton A, & John-Sowah J (2014). "Management of sickle cell disease: summary of the 2014 evidence-based report by expert panel members.". JAMA 312 (10): 1033–48.

[16.] Zimmerli W, & Sendi, P. (2011). Pathogenesis of implant-associated infection: the role of the host, seminars in Immunopathology, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. (295-306)