Abstract:

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the primary vector control interventions for reducing and interrupting malaria transmission. In recent years, however, it has received relatively little attention. Just like it is the case in the 17 villages of the Chipushi area of Mpika district in Muchinga province, Zambia. In community work, among the things that attracted my attention are the non-acceptance and perceived negative attitudes towards acceptance for indoor residual spraying. The purpose of this study was to analyze and establish the factors that contribute to none acceptance for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in the Chipushi area of Mpika, Zambia. None acceptance, in this case, refers to a widespread negative response to having indoor residual spraying performed in people’s homes at the community level. Simple random sampling was used to come up with the study population. And after executing the study through the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews on the 97 respondents, findings revealed that 12 (12.4%) respondents believed that chemicals used in IRS increase mosquitoes and bed bugs instead of controlling them. Other 22 (22.7%) never believed IRS could reduce the incidence of malaria. 18 (18.6%) respondents avoided being in-convenience by the spray operators and health personnel. 10 (10.3%) respondents don’t want to be seen how wrecked their houses are or fear of being embarrassed due to lack of sanity in their homes. Similarly, 17 (17.5%) respondents believed that by the culture, they could not allow strangers to expose their privacy in their homes. Surprisingly 26 (26.8%) respondents never just wanted to participate in spray operations.

Keywords: Community, Households, Indoor Residual Spraying, Malaria elimination, Prevention.

References:

[1] Health Management Information System., 2020, Health statistics: Information office, 8(2), 36-42, https://www.zambiahmis.org/dhis.

[2] World Health Organization., 2006, Indoor Residual Spraying: Use of indoor residual spraying for scaling up global malaria control and elimination, 12(6), 1- 8,

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69386.

[3] US President’s malaria initiative., 2019, Zambia malaria operational plan FY 2020: USAIDS, Global malaria strategy, 12(4), 39-46, https://www.pmi.gov.

[4] Zambia Malaria Elimination Centre., 2015, Malaria Overview: Malaria Elimination Strategy, https://www.nmec.org.zm/malaria-overview.

[5] Ingabire, C.M. et al., 2015, Factors impeding the acceptability and use of malaria preventive measures: implications for malaria elimination in eastern Rwanda, 14:136, 1-7, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274707254_Factors_impending_the_acceptability_and_use_of_malaria_preventive_measure_implications_for_malaria_elimination_in_eastern_Rwanda.

[6] Davis, B. G., 1993, The Understanding Approach to Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

[7] Altman, H. B., & Cashin, W. E., 2003, The Research Methodology. London: McMillan Press.

[8] Eberly, M.B., 2001, Research practical obstacles: Journal of research, 50(1), 6- 7.

[9] Daniels, C.K., 1988, The research constraints: Bolton, MA, Anker.

[10] Woolcock, M.J., 2003, The research steps: Journal of research project, 12(2), 1- 9, https://www.iedunote.com/research-process.

[11] Grunert, J., 1997, The seven key Research steps: Bolton, MA, Anker,

https://course.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-eng111/chapter/the-seven-steps-of-the-research-process-revise-customize/.

[12] N’gandu, S.K., 2013, writing a research proposal in educational research, Lusaka: The University of Zambia.

[13] US presidential malaria initiative., 2019, Zambia malaria operational plan FY 2020: US AID- Global malaria strategy, 51- 52, https://www.pmi.gov/where-we-work/zambia.

[14] Lindsay, S.W. & Fillinger, U., 2011, Larval Source management for malaria control in Africa: myths & reality. Malaria journal, 10:383, 5-6, https://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/353.

[15] Majambere, S. et al., 2010, Is mosquito larval source management appropriate for reducing malaria in areas of extensive flooding in the Gambia? A crossover intervention trial. American Journal for tropical medicine & Hygiene, 82(2), 176-184.

[16] Steketee, R.W., 2009, Control of malaria: American journal of tropical medicine & hygiene. 80(6), 879-880,

https://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/reprint/80/6/879.

[17] Castrol, M.C., et al., 2009, community based environmental management for malaria control:
evidence from a small- scale interaction in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Bio-med central malaria journal, 8:57, https://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/157.

[18] World Health Organization., 2015, malaria: WHO global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/who-global-technical-strategy-malaria-2016-2030.

[19] Seidlein, L.V., 2016, Malaria prevention strategies: 17^th international congress on infectious diseases. International journal of infectious diseases, 45S (2016), 1-477, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.069.

[20] Ganiccia, G., 1981, Health education in malaria control: Why has it failed, world health forum, 2, 385- 393.

[21] Hall, B.F. & Fauci, A.S., 2009, Malaria control, elimination, & eradication: The role of the evolving bio-medical research agenda. The journal of infectious diseases, 200:1639-43, https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/200/11/1639/831923.