Abstract:

Introduction: Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for nurses in order to decrease the morbidity related to influenza in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to determine the perception and factors of influenza vaccine among community nurses (Klinik Kesihatan Maharani, Klinik Kesihatan Parit Jawa and Klinik Kesihatan Bukit Pasir) and hospital nurses in Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF) at Muar, Malaysia.

Methods: From October 25 and December 10, 2015, we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study of perceptions and factors of influenza vaccination among community and hospital nurses. Convenience sampling of all the community and hospital nurses available in the area of Muar district. After brief explanation of the aim, 100 (50 community nurses; 50 hospital nurses) nurses had completed survey questionnaire.

Results: Influenza vaccination status was low in hospital nurses but high in community nurses, varying from 52% in hospital and 86% in community. The perception of nurses were considering influenza a severe disease (36% community nurses; 40% hospital nurses), protecting patients overall of 68%, protecting family (76% community nurses; 68% hospital nurses) and self-protection (100% community nurses; 96% hospital nurses), responsibility (94% community nurses; 90% hospital nurses), as a symptomatic treatment (72% community nurses; 58% hospital nurses) and adverse effects overall of 78%.

Discussion: The perception of nurses were considering influenza a severe disease, patients, family and self-protection, responsibility, as a symptomatic treatment and adverse effects. The encouraging factors associated with being vaccinated were working in health sector, afraid nurses will be infected by patients and nurses are old or having chronic disease; those that barriers associated for not vaccinated were concern about side effects of vaccine and afraid of influenza.

Conclusion: Influenza vaccination status seemed to be low in nurses especially in hospital nurses with differences between workplace settings. Specific continuous educational and vaccination programs for should be organized to reduce morbidity in high risk nurses and mandatory policy if vaccination program failed to achieve its aim.

Keywords: Vaccine, Influenza, Healthcare workers, nurses, hospital, community

References:

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Abstract:

Background: Comprehensive contraception uptake involving not only women but also their male partners is very vital if the projected decline in fertility rates by 2025 is to be attained. Men’s involvement is of great essence if potential acceptability of contraception programs is to be achieved.

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the utilization of contraceptives among men aged 20-50 years in Mwembe estate, Kisii Town.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed on 288 sampled men aged 20-50 years. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents for the study. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and key informant guides.

Data Analysis: Analyses of quantitative data was done in SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was used to measure the strength of associations between the various variables where a p-value of = or < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Findings: Condoms and vasectomy were the modern contraceptive methods available to men. 99% of the study subjects had the knowledge on contraceptives but only 56% admitted consistent use. Among those who used, condoms were most preferred at 58% with traditional methods still being employed. Only 32% of respondents had objections to contraception, among which 16% based on religious, 12% on personal and 4% on cultural reasons. The use of contraceptives was closely associated with religion (χ² = 6.67, df = 2, PV = 0.036).

Discussion: The high awareness levels (99%) can be attributed to technological advancements. Condoms use was leading (56%) because they were easily available and accessible, they required no prescription and they offered dual protection. Vasectomy service utilization was low (1%) as it had not been embraced in most societies. Religion was the major barrier of contraception (16%) since contraception was thought to be against God’s will. Other men (14%) had personal reasons against contraception owing to the perceived side effects of female contraceptives in order to protect their women’s health

Conclusion: Condoms were most common (70%) than other methods hence information on proper use of condoms should be given. Knowledge on contraception was high (99%) with low use (56%) hence more is required to bridge the knowledge-practice gap. Utilization of contraceptives still low (56%) compared to that of developing regions (67%+). Religion, societal and personal holds hinder contraception practice.

Recommendations: Innovations of other contraceptive options through research by government. Men should be encouraged to take up contraception with communication among partners being emphasized. Health personnel to adopt religious-based and individual-based FP promotion approaches.

References:

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Abstract:

Non-communicable diseases have shown an increasing impact on health status of populations globally with a rising rates in developing countries especially Nigeria. However, government in Nigeria are not keeping pace with the ever expanding needs for policies, legislative services and infrastructure to prevent NCDs. This paper is aimed at identifying the modifiable risk factors for NCD in Nigeria, the determinants of health involved and the health promotion strategies which can be initiated and implemented at various sectors. Secondary data was obtained from results of search from WHO NCD country profiles 2014, WHO global status report on NCD 2011, WHO global action plan for prevention and control of NCD 2013-2020 and Health Reform Foundation of Nigeria 2011 amongst others. The results showed that the modifiable risk factors included tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, raised blood pressure and obesity with about 6%, 10%, 35% and 6.5% respectively. The determinants of health spanned from economic, natural and social environments amongst sustainability, transport, lifestyle and community services. Health education, nutritional intervention, lifestyle and behavioral changes in addition to environmental modifications are strategies which can help prevent and control NCD through addressing the risk factors and determinants.

Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Health Promotion

References:

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Abstract:

Introduction: Healthcare seeking behaviour has been defined as any set of actions undertaken by an individual who perceives a health problem or an illness for the purpose of finding an appropriate remedy¹. This is based on an Explanatory model which has a coherent picture of specific cultural features and these features in turn predispose an individual to certain health behaviour. Against the backdrop of the need for understanding the effects of socio-demographiccharacteristics on  healthcare seeking behaviour of individuals from sociological perspectives, this study assessed some of those factors among users of primary health care facility (PHC)in Ado-Odo Ota local government (LGA), Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study among 300 selected users of PHC that are resident of Ado-Odo Ota using multistage sampling method. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 21.0.  Three hundred (male-97, female 203) users of PHC were sampled through multistage sampling technique in these wards. Instrument used for data collection was a self-developed, validated questionnaire with reliability of 0.72 using Chrombach alpha coefficient. Multiple regression, Analysis of Variance and Independent T-test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.

Results: Using the framework from the ‘‘four As’ theories and concepts; findings based on the survey revealed that household headship, educational level and income predicted increase in service utilization at PHC in Ado-Odo Ota LGA (R = .252; R² = .064; Adj. R² = .054) ;(F calculated _{(3, 299)} = 6.715 > f-table = 3.86; p <.05).  Statistical significance also existed in service utilization between male and female in the study area.

Conclusion: Based on the study outcome, it was recommended among others that there is need for continuous community mobilization by healthcare providers especially the Public/Community health Nurses and Community extension workers to enhance active community involvement and continuous increase in service utilization.

Keywords: Healthcare seeking, PHC Users, Ogun State, Nigeria.

References:

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[8]. Gotsadze, G., Bennet, S., Ranson, K., & Gzirishvili, D.  Health care-seeking behaviour and out-of-pocket payments in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Policy and Planning, 20(4), 232-242. 2005.

[9]. Hausmann Muela, S. Community understanding the malaria, and treatment seeking behaviour in a hole-endemic area of south-eastern Tanzania. Ph.D Thesis Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland. 2012.

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[12]. MacKian S. A review of health seeking behaviour: problems and prospects. Internal concept paper. Health Systems Development Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London. 2001.

[13]. Musah K.T & Kayode O.O. Preliminary Assessment of Healthcare Seeking Behaviour Among Users of Primary Health Care Facilities in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) Volume 3, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul-Aug. 2014), PP 31-35 www.iosrjournals.org

[14]. Musah K.T., Okeya E.O., Kayode O.O., Abuh A., & Obinna R.   Effects of Socio-demographic Characteristics on Health Care Seeking Behaviour among Residents of Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria.  A paper presented at the International Conference on Health & Wellbeing; Bristol, United Kingdom. June 22-26, 2013. 

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Abstract:

Background: Food safety is a public health concern and it remains a critical issue with outbreak of food- borne illness resulting in substantial costs to individuals, the community health systems, the food industry and to the economy in general. College students are one of the most at- risk population groups due to their unsafe behavior in food consumption. Knowledge and practices of food safety is very important among students since they are also consumers.

Methods: This study is a cross- sectional study to investigate food safety knowledge and practices of senior secondary school, Ile –Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. A pre-tested 27- item, purpose designed, self- administered questionnaires were used to collect information on knowledge and practices of the respondents on food safety. Data were collated and analyzed based on descriptive and inferential study design.

Results: The result showed that the total percentages of respondents with good level of food safety knowledge is 75.8% (310) with only 24.2% (99) respondents having poor food safety knowledge level as majority of the respondents 65.8%(269) also have high level of food safety practices with only 34.2% (140) of them having low practices on food safety. In addition, the result showed significant association between mothers’ educational level and food safety knowledge scores and significant association between food safety practice scores and age, gender, class and household composition of the senior secondary school students (p <0.05). The results also showed no significant correlation between food safety knowledge and practices of the students (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Senior secondary school students of Ambassadors College, Ile- Ife have good food safety knowledge and high food safety practices.

References:

[1]. Adebukola, O. C., Opoyemi A. O. & Awosika I. A (2015). Knowledge of food borne infection and food safety practices among local food handlers in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 7 (9): 268- 273.

[2]. Buccheri, C. Alessandra C., Santo G. et al, (2007). Food safety in hospital: knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff of two hospitals in Sicily, Italy. BMC Health Services Research 2007, 7:45 doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-45

[3]. Chapman, B., Eversley, T., Fillion, K., MacLaurin, T., & Powell, D. (2010). Assessment of food safety practices of food service food handlers (risk assessment data): Testing a communication intervention (evaluation of tools). Journal of Food Protection, 73, 11011107.

[4]. Dong, T.T.M.(2015).The knowledge, attitude, and practice of consumers towards food safety issues: A review of Taiwan. International Journal of Research Studies in Management 2015 October, Volume 4 Number 2, 13-22

[5]. Giritlioglu et al, (2011). The knowledge and practice of food safety and hygiene of cookery students. Food Control, 22 (2011): 838-842.

[6]. Haapala, I & Probart, C (2004). Food Safety Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behaviors among Middle School Students, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 36(2), (2004), pp. 71-76.

[7]. Meysenburg et al (2014). Food safety knowledge, practices and beliefs of primary food preparers in families with young children: A mixed methods study. Appetite, 73 (2014) 121–131.

[8]. Musa O.I & Akande, T. M.(2003). Food safety and food vendor. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, September, 2003

[9]. Musa O.I., Akande T.M. (2002): “Effect of health education intervention on food safety practice among food vendors in Ilorin”, Sahel Medical Journal. Vol. 5 No. 3:120-124

[10]. Norazmir1, M.N., Hasyimah M.A. & Shafurah, B.S et al (2012). Knowledge and Practices on Food Safety among Secondary School Students in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 11 (2): 110-115.

[11]. Osaili, T. M. et al (2011). Food safety knowledge and practices among college female students in north of Jordan. Food Control, 22 (2011): 269-276

[12]. Sanlier, N. (2008). The knowledge and practice of food safety by young and adult consumers. Food Control, 20 (2009) 538–542.

[13]. Turnbull-Fortune, S. and Badrie, N. (2014) Practice, Behavior, Knowledge and Awareness of Food Safety among Secondary & Tertiary Level Students in Trinidad, West Indies. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1463-1481.

[14]. Webb, M & Morancie, A (2015). Food safety knowledge of foodservice workers at a university campus by education level, experience, and food safety training. Food Control, 50 (2015) 259-264.

Abstract:

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease. The trend of dengue incidence in Malaysia has continued to increase since 2001 until 2014. Despite the close monitoring and continuous efforts from the Ministry of Health and Municipals to conduct the prevention and control activities, the number of dengue cases continued to increase due to multiple uncontrolled factors.

Aim: Our objective is to assess the factors affecting dengue fever among the population in Bandar Maharani, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.

Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design based on simple random sampling, resident aged between 18 to 60 years old was randomly chosen. Data was collected using assisted self-administered questionnaire that covered 4 parts i.e. socio-demographic data, knowledge about dengue infection, attitudes towards dengue fever and practices of dengue prevention. Data was analyzed using PASW statistics student version 18.

Results: It was found that knowledge among the respondent was only moderate. The respondents’ attitude was neutral and the practice was good. The most common source of information on dengue was from the television (72.1%). There was significant association between knowledge and practice (p = 0.000) and also between attitude and practice (p = 0.000). Attitude was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.002) and education level (p = 0.031).

Conclusion: The study has highlighted that despite having satisfactory level of practice on dengue prevention, the knowledge and attitude can be further strengthened. Information, education and communication materials can be provided at areas that are more accessible. This would help to increase knowledge and mold positive attitude among the Muarian to eliminate dengue fever.

Keywords: Dengue Fever, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Malaysia

References:

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[2]. Anita AbdRahman, Huda Zainuddin, Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat, et al. Community perception toward Dengue and Dengue Prevention Program among residences of a rural settlement in Jempol, Negeri Sembilan. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences September/October 2014; 1(1): 13-23.

[3]. Benthem VBH, Khantikul N, Panart K, Kessels PJ, Somboon P, Oskam L. Knowledge and use of prevention measures related to dengue in northern Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 993-1000.

[4]. Binsaeed A. A, Sahli A. A, Noureldin E. M, Mohammed W. S, Dafalla O. M, Dahlan A, Kasule O. H, Alsheikh A. A. Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of dengue fever among secondary school students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Curr World Environ 2015; 10(3).

[5]. CDC. Dengue homepage. Available: www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/. Accessed 28 October 2015.

[6]. Chanthalay Sayavong, Jirapan Chompikul, Somsak Wongsawass et al. Knowledge, Attitude, Preventive Behaviors related to Dengue Vector Breeding Control Measures among Afukts in Communities of Vientiane, Capital of the Lao PDR. Journal of Interaction and Public Health March 2015; Vol. 8: 466-473.

[7]. Gupta, P., Kumar, P., Aggarwal, O.P. (1998). Knowledge, attitude and practices related to dengue in rural and slum areas of Delhi after the dengue epidemic of 1996. Journal of Communicable Disease 1998; 30(2): 107-112.

[8]. Ibrahim NKR, Al-Bar A, Kordey M, Al-Fakeeh A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to dengue fever among females in Jeddah high schools. J Infect Public Health 2009; 29:30-40.

[9]. Itrat A, Khan A, Javaid S, et al. Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever among the adult population of dengue hit cosmopolitan. PLoS One 2008; 9: e2620.

[10]. K. Ravi Kumar, G. Gururaj. Community Perception Regarding Mosquito-borne Diseases in Karnataka State, India. Dengue Bulletin 2005; 29: 157-164.

[11]. Li Ping Wong, Sazaly Abu Bakar, Karuthan Chinna. Community Knowledge, Health Beliefs, Practices and Experinces Related to Dengue Fever and Its Association with IgGSeropositivity. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases May 2014; 8(5): 1-13.

[12]. Madiha Syed, Taimur Saleen, Umme-Rubab Syeda et al. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Dengue Fever among Adults of High and Low Socioeconomic Groups. J Pak Med. Assoc. March 2010; 60(3); pg 243-247.

[13]. Ministry Of Heath Malaysia. Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Dengue Infection in Adults: Quick Reference for Healthcare Providers 2010. (Revised 2nded).

[14]. Nahida Ahmed. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dengue fever prevention among the people in Male’, Maldives. College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University; 2007.

[15]. Nalongsack S, Yoshida Y, Monta S, Sosouphanh K, Sakamoto J. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue among people in Pake, Laos. Nagoya J Med Sci 2009; 6:62-7.

[16]. Pang T, Lam KSK. The immunopathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Immunol Today1983;4(2):46-9.

[17]. Pracheth Raghuveer, Mayur S Sherkhane, Jayprakash V Chowti, Comparative Study of Dengue Knowledge among Adults of Urban and Rural Population in India. International Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; 2(4): 222-229.

[18]. Rose NaniMudin. Dengue Incidence and the Prevention and Control Program in Malaysia. The International Medical Journal Malaysia June 2015; 14(1): 5-9.

[19]. Sami Abdo Radman Al-Dubai, Kurubaran Ganasegaran, Mohanad Rahman Alwan, et al. Factors Affecting Dengue Fever Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Selected Urban, Semi-urban and Rural Communities in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health Jan 2013; 44(1); pg 37-49.

[20]. Samina Qadir, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice About Dengue Fever among Local Population. Gomal Journal of Medical Science April-June 2015; 13(2): 87-90.

[21]. Shepard DS, Lees R, Ng CW, Undurrage EA, Halasa Y, Lum L. Burden of Dengue in Malaysia. Retrieved 28 October 2015 from http://people.brandeis.edu/~shepard/Report_dengue_in_Malaysia_v50.pdf.

[22]. Shobha, Saraswathi S, Amita Mukhopadyay et al. A Cross Sectional Study of Perception and Preventive Practices, regarding Dengue Disease among Population of Bangalore District, South India. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Science 2014; 4(3):1056-1061.

[23]. Sultana Habibullah and Junaid Ashraf. Perceptions and Practices for the Control of Dengue Fever in Karachi- A School Based Survey. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research 2013; 52(4): 102-105.

[24]. Tan Kok Leong. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Dengue among Rural Communities in Rembau and Bukit Pelanduk, Negari Sembilan, Malaysia. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health 2014; 4(7): 841-848.

[25]. WHO. Dengue and severe dengue 2014. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/. Accessed 28 October 2015.

Abstract:

Introduction: Child survival continues to improve worldwide. The total number of deaths of children under five years old fell from 12.4 million in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2009. The mortality rate in children under five years old has fallen correspondingly from 89 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 60 per 1000 live births in 2009, representing a reduction of about one third. At the same time, the average annual rate of decline has accelerated over the period 2000–2009 compared with the 1990s. The level of mortality, however, remained alarmingly high in certain regions of the world.

Method: The study was a community-based cross sectional study. The study employed multi-stage random cluster sampling procedure to select households and villages in Yendi district. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data from the study target population which included the caregivers, the community based agent and community health officers.

Results: Majority of the respondents practice exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of child’s age whiles other practice up to four months. A good percentage (48%) of the caregivers introduced complementary food at six months and beyond and fed their children more than five times in a day as indicated in the figure below. This showed good feeding practice by caregivers. Greater percentage (68.5%) of children are immunized through the outreach services and 31.5 were immunized through the static clinic sessions

Conclusion: The finding concluded that there was general improvement in the infant and child health interventions. These findings predict that improvement in outreach and community level service is potential for improving child survival. There is also low uptake of vitamin A supplementation and de-wormers. A significant number (30.3%) of new born missed OPV at birth. As the ages of the children increased coverage of antigens decreased. This finding is worrisome and needs attention by health providers.

References:

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Abstract:

Introduction: Currently worldwide 3 million deaths annually estimated to be responsible for smoking. On average, everyday Malaysian adult smoker smoked 14 cigarettes per day. Most smokers were aware of the deleterious of smoking and had strong intentions to quit smoking but they were not motivated enough to stop.

Aim: To assess awareness on smoking health warning and its impacts among Muar Community.

Methodology: It was a quantitative survey done on 383 respondents from Bandar Maharani, Muar. The participants were aged 13-70 years. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study using two- step sampling methods which are cluster sampling and simple random sampling. Data analysis including descriptive statistics was used to describe participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and texts, tables, graphs, percentages and independent t-test was used to present the results.

Result: The highest smoking rate noted between the ages of 25-44. Among the races, Malays were the highest smokers which was 74 %.( p=0.019). Smokers (64.1%) are married and there were significantly difference (p = 0.000) between the marital status and the smokers. Majority of the smokers were employed with 77.1% and it was significantly different (p=0.000). Greater number of smokers and non-smokers (90.9%) were aware about the presence of smoking health warning on cigarette packs. Smokers with 75% were planning to quit and about 58.3% of them perceived that cigarette health warning does not influence to prevent or to stop smoking (p=0.000). Majority of the smokers and non-smokers selected the graphic models based on its threatenig effects compared to other models.

Conclusion: Majority of the respondents has good awareness on smoking health warning and have seen or read the smoking health warning on the cigarette packs. The influence of cigarette health warning had no effect on smokers to stop smoking. Among the 6 models shown, graphic image lung cancer (Model A) has the highest number of choice by the smokers (32.3%) and non-smokers (27.2%). Threatening images was the most preferable choice among the respondents.

Recommendations: Each workplace recommended to set-up smoking cessation programs. Hospital based intervention program should be given by health practitioners in the hospital setting on pre-admission clinic for smokers. There must be tobacco rehabilitation programs in all levels of healthcare service centers for easy accessibility and promote their services for better outcomes. Existing graphic health warning should be improved in terms of size, appearance and message to be more effective. Current quitline services should be promoted more through the web sites and social media pages.

Keywords: Smoking, awareness, health warning, threatening, health

References:

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Abstract:

Introduction: Medicals students are being exposed to different learning environments, at the same time receiving vast extents of information. The information on learning style can also benefit the students by helping them to formulate appropriate learning strategies to enhance their learning. VARK is a questionnaire that determines a person’s sensory modality preferences.

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the learning style preference among medical students in Malaysian medical universities.

Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in 2015. Convenience sampling was used to choose the sample population. Sample size was 239 students. VARK^© questionnaire Version 7.8 was used to assess the learning style among preclinical and clinical medical students from three medical universities in Malaysia. Questionnaire was distributed among students in the form of hard copy after taking an informed consent.

Results: Majority (53.61%) out of 97 preclinical students preferred unimodal learning style. 46.39% out of 142 clinical students had highest preference towards multimodal learning style. Kinesthetic was the mode of choice from the VARK component for both preclinical and clinical students. In multimodal learning style, trimodal and bimodal mode was preferred by preclinical and clinical students respectively.

Conclusion: Kinesthetic modality is the strongest single preference for both preclinical and clinical students. Preclinical students preferred unimodal learning style and clinical students preferred multimodal learning style.

Keywords: VARK, learning style, preclinical and clinical, gender, ethnicity

References:

[1]. Almigbal, T. H. (2015). Relationship between the learning style preferences of medical students and academic achievement. Saudi Medical Journal, 36(3), 349-355. doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.3.10320.

[2]. Anu, S., Anuradha, & Meena, T. (2012). Assessment of learning style preference among undergraduate medical students-using VAK assessment tool. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Research, 3(8), 229-231. doi:10.9735/0976-5530.3.8.229-231.

[3]. Bataduwaarachchi, V. R., Dissanayake, M. M., Thillainathan, & S., Jayasekara, R. W. (2013). Perception of the learning strategies and the learning styles among first year medical students:A cross sectional study. South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 7(1), 14-21. Retrieved from http://seajme.md.chula.ac.th/articleVol7No1/OR2_Vipula.pdf.

[4]. Baykan, Z. & Nacar, M. (2007). Learning styles of first-year medical students attending Erciyes University in Kayseri, Turkey. Advances in Physiology Education, 31, 158-160. doi:10.1152/advan.00043.2006.

[5]. Breckler, J., Joun, D., & Ngo, H. (2009). Learning styles of physiology students interested in the health professions. Advances in Physiology Education, 33(1), 30-36 (PMID;19261758) doi:0.1152/advan.90118.2008.

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Abstract:

Nigeria has been a signatory to the Convention on the rights of the child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child since 1991 and 2001 respectively. The Nigerian Child Rights Act (CRA) was drafted in 1993 and signed into law in 2003.

Despite these measures, too many children still see their fundamental rights violated every day. The global statistics are dramatic, and may even be underestimations as 72 million children are not in school, of whom 56% are girls; 218 million children are working; 126 million are trapped in the worst forms of child labour; 25 million children are refugees and displaced; 9.2 million children die before their fifth birthday; 1.5 million children die every year from poor sanitation and unsafe water.

The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey among parents in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State to investigate the knowledge and practice of parents on child’s rights. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Independent t-test. Finally, information obtained were summarized and presented in tables and charts.

Findings revealed that respondents had inadequate knowledge of the rights of children. Respondents with poor, fair and good knowledge of child’s rights were 81.0%, 11.5% and 7.5% respectively. However, the attitude displayed by respondents is favourable towards the observance of the Child’s Rights Act. Factors limiting the effective implementation of the Child’s Rights from the perspective of respondents include economic situation, man-made disaster, poor enforcement by regulatory agencies and societal values and norms.

This lack of awareness has been attributed to the vulnerability of the Nigerian child to social vices and harmful practices such as child labour, child trafficking, early marriage, female genital mutilation and widowhood practices.

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